Ghemical Instruments and Operations, 281 



"weight of the water generated. Of this, agreeably to the 

 table of equivalents, fthsmust be oxygen, and ^th hydrogen. 



And since the ratio of the carbon to the oxygen, in car- 

 bonic acid, is as 75 to 200, aV^ths or y\ths of the weight of 

 the acid produced, will be carbon, and l^lfhs or yyths oxy- 

 gen. If we add, therefore, fths of the weight of the uaier to 

 Yjths of that of the acid, we shall have the weight of all the 

 oxygen in the products. If from the weight, thus ascertain- 

 ed, we deduct that of all the oxygen gas consumed, the re- 

 mainder will be the weight of oxygen in the mixture be- 

 fore the oxygen gas was added. This portion of oxygen is 

 that which entered into the composition of the carbonic ox- 

 ide, and must, agreeably to the table of equivalents, have 

 been to the carbon in union with it, as four to three. De- 

 ducting the weight of the carbon, thus ascertained to exist 

 in the carbonic oxide, from that in the carbonic acid, as above 

 stated, the remainder will be the weight of carbon in the car- 

 buretted hydrogen. 



The rule may be thus briefly expressed. 



From the sum of the weights of the gaseous mixture, and 

 oxygen gas consumed, deduct the carbonic acid generated. 

 To eight-ninths of the remainder, add eight-elevenths of the 

 weight of the carbonic acid, and deduct the weight of oxygen 

 consumed. The remainder will be the oxygen of the oxide. 

 The carbon in it will be one-fourth less, and this carbon de- 

 ducted from three-elevenths of the weight of the carbonic 

 acid, will give the weight of the carbon united to the hydro- 

 sen.* 



* The problem may be stated algebraically as follows : — 



Let M be the weight of the gaseous mixture. 



O, of the oxygen gas consumed. 



C, of the carbonic acid generated and absorbed. 



Then M-|-0 will constitute the whole weight of the products. 



And M+O — C the whole weight of water, 



8 

 Also g(M+0 — C) = all the oxygen in the water. 



8C 



-yT- will be all the oxygen in the carbonic acid. 



3C 



jY all the carbon in that acid, and consequently the whole cou- 



tained in the products. 

 8 8 C 



^ (M+O — C3)+^ will be all the oxygen in the products. 



¥oL. XV.— No, 2. II 



