January 3, 1919] 



SCIENCE 



17 



Yields in 1918 of the major food crops vrerc 

 as follows, according to unrevised estimates: 

 2,749,198,000 bushels of corn; 918,920,000 

 bushels of wheat ; 1,535,297,000 bushels of oats ; 

 236,505,000 bushels of barley ; 76,687,000 bush- 

 els of rye; 18,370,000 bushels of buckwheat; 

 41,918,000 bushels of rice; 01,182,000 bushels 

 of kafirs; 390,101,000 bushels of Irish po- 

 tatoes; 88,114,000 bushels of sweet potatoes; 

 17,802,000 bushels of commercial beans; 

 40,185,000 bushels of peaches; 10,342.000 

 bushels of pears; 197,360,000 bushels of apples; 

 6,549,000 tons of sugar beets; 29,757,000 gal- 

 lons of sorghum sirup; 52,617,000 bushels of 

 peanuts. 



The estimated 1918 production of all the 

 cereals, 5,638,077,000 bushels, compares with 

 5,796,332,000 bushels in 1917, and 4,883,819,000 

 bushels, the annual average in the five-year 

 period 1910-14. On January 1, 1918, it is 

 estimated there were on American farms 21,- 

 563,000 horses, compared with an average of 

 20,430,000 in the five years 1910-14; 4,824,000 

 mules, compared with 4,346,000; 23,284,000 

 milch cows, compared with 20,676,000; 43.546,- 

 000 other cattle, compared with 38,000,000; 

 48,900,000 sheep (an increase, for the first time 

 in many years, over the preceding year), com- 

 pared with 51,929,000; 71,374,000 swine, com- 

 pared with 01,865,000. 



The estimated 1918 production of beef, 

 8,500,000,000 pounds, compares with 7,384,007,- 

 000 pounds in 1917; 10,500,000,000 pounds of 

 pork compared with 8,450,148,000; 495,000,000 

 pounds of mutton and goat meat compared 

 with 491,205,000; 8,429,000,000 gallons of milk 

 produced in 1918 was 141,000,000 pounds more 

 than the 1917 production; 299,921,000 pounds 

 of wool, 18,029,000 pounds more than 1917; 

 1,921,000,000 dozens of (^gs, 37.000,000 dozens 

 more; 589,000,000 head of poultry, 11,000,000 

 more. 



THE EDWARD K. WARREN FOUNDATION AND 



TWO WILD LIFE RESERVATIONS IN 



MICHIGAN 



It will be of interest to zoologists and bot- 

 anists, particularly ecologists and those inter- 

 ested in the faima and flora of the Middle 

 West, to learn what two areas in southwestern 



Michigan have been set aside as wild life pre- 

 serves. The tracts comprise 300 acres (150 or 

 more of the original forest) situated two and 

 a half miles north of Three Oaks, in Chicka- 

 ming Township, Berrien County, and over 250 

 acres in the sand dune region on the shore of 

 Lake Michigan, in Lake Township, two miles 

 north of Sawyer, in Berrien Coimty. 



The forest is a remnant of the original 

 beech-maple forest of southern Michigan. It 

 has never been cut or burned over and many 

 of the trees are splendid specimens, fifty to 

 seventy feet in height to the first limb, and 

 from two to four feet in circumference. The 

 Galien River flows through the forest for 

 about one and one half miles and there are 

 nvunerous springs. 



The sand dune tract has a frontage on Lake 

 Michigan of about 3,000 feet. It includes 

 probably the highest dunes in the State of 

 Michigan, the largest of which are from two 

 himdred to three hundred feet in height. 

 Much of the tract is wild and with little doubt 

 the original vegetation prevails in most places. 



The preserves have been established by Mr. 

 and Mrs. Edward K. Warren, of Three Oaks, 

 Michigan, and are incorporated in the " Ed- 

 ward K. Warren Foundation," which also in- 

 cludes the Chamberlain Memorial Museum at 

 Three Oaks, founded in 1915 and opened to 

 the public in 1916. 



The forest has been in Mr. Warren's posses- 

 sion for forty years, and has been preserved 

 by him for its great natural beauty, and both 

 tracts have been set aside that future genera- 

 tions may have an example of the primitive 

 floral and fauna conditions in southern Mich- 

 igan, that nature lovers may find here many of 

 the animals and plants which are being ex- 

 terminated elsewhere, and that students of 

 biology may have available a place where 

 they can study native animals and plants in 

 their natural habitats. Some of the sand 

 dune area has been more recently acquired, 

 and it is typical of the good judgment and 

 foresight of Mr. Warren that this area in- 

 cludes the best developed dunes and is the 

 least disturbed tract in the sand dune region. 



The Museum of Zoology of the University of 



