Janoabt 3, 1919] 



SCIENCE 



25 



it is far above the average given, by Clapp for 

 ■wells of this type in Maine. So far as I can 

 learn, no test was made to see how far above 

 the surface the pressure would raise the water. 

 An interesting fact is that the 315-foot well 

 drilled in tMfe same year was a flowing well 

 until the 286-well was drilled; when this be- 

 gan to flow, the other ceased. It would seem, 

 therefore, that these two, at least, have a com- 

 mon joint plane or system of joint planes as 

 their reservoir. This is in spite of the fact 

 that in the later wells care was taken to space 

 the wells a hundred feet or more apart to 

 avoid this very thing. 



Conditions adjoining these wells are such 

 that it is not strange that an occasional flow- 

 ing well should be encountered. The mills are 

 situated on a fragment of a terrace about 80 

 feet above sea level. Back of them is an 

 abrupt rise of about 80 feet to another terrace. 

 The face of the scarp is of clay, but the slate 

 rises through the terrace at elevations above 

 about 160 feet. Wells drilled in the face of 

 the scarp strike ledge after passing through 

 10 or 15 feet of clay showing a gradual rise of 

 the slate imderneath the terrace^ as though 

 marking the bank of a pre-glacial valley of more 

 mature development. A small stream flowing 

 down the scarp shows the same feature. This 

 rise of the slate ledge behind the mills offers 

 as favorable conditions as could be expected 

 for a flowing well in a region where the reser- 

 voir consists of the joint planes of a com- 

 paratively localized area, as is generally con- 

 sidered to be the case in wells of this type. 



It may be of interest to mention briefly a 

 well drilled recently for the Waterville Coun- 

 try Club located about four miles west of 

 those just described and in the town of Oak- 

 land. This contrasts with the Winslow wells 

 in that it is on the summit of an almost bare 

 slate hill 440 feet high, the highest point for 

 several miles. Yet a well drilled here yielded 

 a little water at 10-15 feet, and a sufficient 

 supply at 147 feet. It was decided to continue 

 to 150 feet, and just before reaching that 



" The present course of the Kennebec River 

 through Waterville-Winslow is between vertical 

 slate walls. 



depth a copious supply was encountered which 

 rises to within 15 feet of the surface. 



Homer P. Little 

 Colby College, 

 Watervtlle, Maine 



SCIENTIFIC BOOKS 



Principles and Practise of Milk Hygiene. By 



Louis A. Klein. Philadelphia and London, 



J. B. Lippineott Company. 1917. Pp. 320, 



with 40 illustrations. 



The book is intended primarily as a text for 

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 but should serve a much broader purix)se. It 

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The work of others is drawn upon liberally, 

 rather than the author's own theories and ex- 

 periences, and parts of the book are replete 

 with valuable references. The subject matter 

 is divided into nine chapters, namely; Physi- 

 ology of Milk Secretion, Colostrum, Milk, Bac- 

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 ease upon Milk, Dairy Farm Inspection, Pas- 

 teurization, and Methods of Examining Milk. 

 There is also an appendix of IS pages on 

 Methods and Standards for the Production 

 and distribution of Certifled Milk. 



A large part of Chapter VI. is given over to 

 a discussion of tuberculosis of cows and trans- 

 mission of infection to man through the milk. 

 The theories and experimental facts leading 

 up to the present status of the controversy are 

 illuminating from the standpoint of complete- 

 ness and organization. The hand of the veter- 

 inary pathologist may be seen in the descrip- 

 tions of symptoms and pathology of bovine 

 diseases, especially of the udder and related 

 organs. 



Chemistry and bacteriology also receive their 

 due share of attention. The restricted em- 

 phasis put on the bacteriological methods of 

 controlling sanitary milk production will be 

 perhaps somewhat disappointing to those who 

 regard the enumeration of bacteria by the di- 

 rect microscopic or the plating process as of 

 inestimable value. Correspondingly undue em- 



