February 14, 1919] 



SCIENCE 



163 



tional to the altitude. Hence, to this same 

 crude approximation, G is also constant 

 through tlie given range of levels. 



Now the actual temperature distributions in 

 the atmosphere at different latitudes are es- 

 sentially as assumed in the two adjacent col- 

 umns. Hence the horizontal gradient and 

 therefore tlie mass-flow, pv, must be roughly 

 constant between the given limiting levels; or, 

 as usually stat«d, the velocity of the wind 

 inversely proportional to its density. 



W. T. Humphreys 

 {To be continued) 



SCIENTIFIC EVENTS 

 MEMORIAL TO LEWIS HENRY MORGAN 



Temporarily displayed in Memorial Hall, 

 at the American Museum of Natural History. 

 New York, is a bronze tablet commemorating 

 the one hundredth anniversary of the birth of 

 Lewis Henry Morgan, called the father of 

 American anthropology. The tablet embodies 

 an Iroquois Indian decorative motif and a 

 wampum record of the foimding of the 

 " Iroquois League." After being exhibited at 

 the American Museum, the tablet will be sent 

 to Wells College, where it will be i)ermanently 

 installed. 



Morgan was born in Aurora, New York, in 

 1818. and died in 1881 at Eochester. He 

 graduated from Union College in 1840. and 

 was admitted to the New York bar in 1842. 

 In 1855, his interest in certain rich iron 

 deposits led him to make practical explor- 

 ations into northern Michigan, at that time 

 a wilderness. Here he became interested in 

 the habits and labors of the beaver, and after 

 several years of observation and study wrote 

 his " American Beaver and His Works," which 

 is still considered the most authentic book of 

 its kind. 



Early in his life, Mr. Morgan had become 

 a member of a secret society known as the 

 Gordian Knot. This society was accustomed 

 to meet on tJie ground of the ancient con- 

 federacy of the " five nations," holding its 

 council fires at night on the former lands of 

 the Mohawks, Oneidas, Onondages, Cayugas 



and Senecas. Gradually its members devel- 

 oped a curiosity about the history, institu- 

 tions and government of the Indians, and 

 began to gather together odd scraps of in- 

 formation about them. Mr. Morgan's interest 

 became so strong that he devoted himself to 

 serious study of the subject. He wrote a 

 number of papers which were read before the 

 New York Historical Society and elsewhere, 

 and some of which were published in book 

 form in 1851 under the title of " The League 

 of the Iroquois," in which the social organi- 

 ation and government of the confederacy 

 were thoroughly explained, the first scientific 

 accomit of an Indian tribe. He later wrote a 

 number of books and papers on Indian life, 

 and gathered together a librarj' containing 

 many important works on American ethnol- 

 ogy. For the purpose of studying the Six 

 Nations, he organized the Grand Order of the 

 Iroquois. He was assisted in his researches 

 by the Smithsonian Institution and the United 

 States Government. 



The tablet at the American Museum was 

 designed by Mr. Gobi, of Auburn. In addi- 

 tion to the symbolic decorations and various 

 facts about Mr. Morgan's life and works in- 

 scribed on the tablet, is the following quota- 

 tion from his " Ancient Society " : " Democ- 

 racy in Government, Brotherhood in Society, 

 Equality in Rights and Privileges and L'ni- 

 versal Education foreshadow the Next Higher 

 Plane of Society to Wliich Experience, In- 

 telligence and Knowledge are Steadily Tend- 

 ing. It will be a Revival in a Higher Form 

 of the Liberty, Equality and Fraternity of 

 the Ancient Grentes." 



THE BRITISH DYE INDUSTRY' 



The works and appliances of the German 

 firms remain substantially undiminished in 

 extent and unimpaired as to organization, 

 while they still possess a large body of expert 

 chemists and engineers fully acquainted with 

 the details of the business, though doubtless 

 there have been serious losses in the course 

 of the war. It is, however, satisfactory to 

 learn from the address of Lord Armaghdale, 



1 From Nature. 



