268 



SCIENCE 



[N. S. A'OL. XLIX, No. 1263 



Mr. Sullivan, in giving an account of a museum 

 exhibit of the races of the Philippine Islands, based 

 on a critical examination of the literature, 

 showed that at least three physical types are pres- 

 ent there, characterized by differences in skin-color, 

 hair, stature, head-form and form of nose ; first, the 

 n'egritos, long recognized as a distinct race, who 

 are short in stature, with a very dark brown skin, 

 wide open dark brown eyes, black kinky hair, short 

 head and short wide nose; second, the Malayan 

 tribes, tallest of the island groups, with skins of 

 varying shades of brovm, dark brown Mongoloid 

 eyes, straight black hair, and relatively narrow 

 nose; and third, a group which is often confused 

 with the second but belongs to the Indonesian ra- 

 cial type. This type stands between the negritos 

 and Malays in point of size, is less Mongoloid in 

 appearance, has the longest head on the islands, 

 and straight or wavy dark brown hair. Mr. Sulli- 

 van's paper was discussed by Professor Bj-oeber 

 who outlined the successive cultural strata in the 

 Philippines. 



Professor Davenport, the chairman of the society, 

 commented on the wide field for the labors of such 

 an organization which was afforded by the pres- 

 ence in New York of representatives of many of 

 the living ra,ces of Europe, Asia and Africa, and by 

 the existence of various organizations which 

 would gladly cooperate in the study of the races of 

 Europe. He spoke of the vast material at hand 

 for the study of human inheritance and hybridi- 

 zation. 



The second regular meeting of the society was 

 held at the American Museum of Natural History 

 on December 6, 1918. The meeting was preceded 

 by a luncheon at which the members present were 

 the guests of Professor Osborn and Mr. Grant. 



Mr. Grant presented to the society a portrait of 

 Sir Francis Galton. Professor Merriam spoke of 

 the place anthropology should hold in the universi- 

 ties. In order to make the discussion concrete, he 

 gave a brief outline of the history of anthro- 

 pology in the University of California. "When the 

 department was started everyone thought best to 

 begin with the local anthropological problem, in 

 other words, with the study of the California In- 

 dians. Under Professor Kroeber this work has 

 been carried to a very satisfactory conclusion and 

 while a great deal more work should be done it 

 seems that a point had been reached where new 

 problems should be undertaken. The speaker 

 •thought this was typical of anthropology in Amer- 

 ica. Everywhere the feeling had been and rightly, 

 that attention should be given to the problems at 



hand. The result is that we have a very syste- 

 matic body of knowledge concerning the North 

 American Indians, but have no contributing work- 

 ers in larger anthropological problems. The ef- 

 fect of the world war and its broadening influences 

 makes it highly desirable that anthropology should 

 be put upon a broader and more fundamental 

 plane, particularly should it deal with problems 

 concerning our racial and national antecedents. 

 The broadening of anthropology would also require 

 the drawing in and coordination of much that has 

 been done in psychology, biology, neurology and 

 history. It was the hope of the speaker that the 

 Galton Society would be able to bring about such 

 coordination by bringing together some of the rep- 

 resentative workers in respective lines. One of 

 the first movements in this direction should be the 

 encouragement of strong departments in our uni- 

 versities. Unless the universities can be induced 

 to finance strong departments of anthropology we 

 can not expect very great development in the fu- 

 ture. On the other hand, it was the belief of the 

 speaker that the universities would finance such 

 departments of anthropology if they could see that 

 the problems of anthropology were of universal 

 concern. 



There was a brief discussion by Professor Hun- 

 tington, Mr. Grant and Professor Osborn. 



Professor Himtington spoke of the four fields in 

 which the differential characteristics separating 

 man from lower mammals were particularly con- 

 spicuous, marking the progress of human evolu- 

 tion. These four fields were: the organs of loco- 

 motion, the hands, the vocal and respiratory or- 

 gans and the central nervous system. It is in these 

 fields especially that characters diagnostic of the 

 various races are to be sought. 



W. K. Gkegoet, 



Secretary 



SCIENCE 



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