550 



SCIENCE 



[N. S. Vol. XLIX. No. 1275 



in a table and in another table the history of the 



Graphic representations of functions of the nth 

 degree: Prancis E. Niphee, professor emeritus 

 of physics, Washington University, St. Ix>uis. 



Glimpses of the iiear east during the war: A. V. 

 W. Jackson, professor of Indo-Iranian lan- 

 guages, Columbia University. 



The empire of Amurru: A. T. Clay, professor of 

 Assyriology and Babylonian literature, Yale 

 University. 

 The science of stealing (steyaoastra) in ancient 

 India: Maurice Bioomfield, professor of 

 Sanskrit, Johns Hopkins University. 

 The orih of Chriit: Paul Haupt, professor of 

 Semitic languages, Johns Hopkins University. 

 The word translated "manger" in Luke II. 7, 

 denotes one of the arched and open recesses in 

 front of the travelers' chambers along the interior 

 court of a caravansary. Shakespeare uses ' ' crib ' ' 

 in the sense of "small chamber." The inn in 

 which Jesus is said to have been born may be the 

 hostelry mentioned in Jerem, XII. 17 where the 

 Revised Version gives in the margin: the lodging- 

 place of Chiraham. The caravansary may have 

 been founded by Chimham, the son of Barzillai, 

 who followed David to Jerusalem (II. Sam. XIX. 

 38). The name Bethlehem is derived from this 

 ancient inn near the town, on the road from Jeru- 

 salem to Hebron. Bethlehem does not mean House 

 of Bread, but House of Bait, i. e., halt for re- 

 freshment. 



The atonement idea among the ancient Semites: 

 Edvtakd Chiera, instructor in Assyriology, Uni- 

 versity of Pennsylvania. (Introduced by Pro- 

 fessor Morris Jastrow, Jr.) 



Saturday, April S6, Z o'clock 

 Arthur A. Noyes, Sc.D., LL.D., vice-president, in 



the chair 

 Symposium on Chemical Warfare — Historical in- 

 troduction: Colonel Makston T. Bogert, Chem- 

 ical Warfare Service, U. S. A. 

 The speaker gave a brief review of the history 

 of chemical warfare both before and during the 

 war, pointing out the high spots in the field and 

 including also an outline of the organization of 

 the Chemical Warfare Service of the United States 

 Army and its activities. 



Chemical warfare amd research: Colonel George 

 A. BuRRELL, Chemical Warfare Service, U. S. A. 

 (Introduced by Colonel Bogert.) 



Chemical warfare and manufacturing development : 

 Colonel Frank M. Dorsey, Chemical Warfare 

 Service, U. S. A. (Introduced by Mr. A. A. 

 Blair.) 

 Production of chemical warfare munitions (illus- 

 trated) : Colonel William H. Walker, Chem- 

 ical Warfare Service, U. S. A. (Introduced by 

 Professor H. P. Keller.) 

 Production of chemical warfare munitions (illus- 

 trated) : Colonel Bradley Dewey, Chemical 

 Warfare Service, U. 8. A. (Introduced by 

 Dr. Philip B. Hawk.) 



This paper discussed the following points: (1) 

 The problem of making over 5,600,000 gas masks 

 in eight months; 5,000,000 of these going over- 

 seas together with 2,800,000 extra canisters. (2) 

 The history of starting a government-owned fac- 

 tory at Long Island City, which on the day of the 

 armistice covered a million square feet of floor 

 space and had 12,500 employees. (3) The prob- 

 lem of manufacturing the chemicals for gas masks, 

 with mention of the fact that 50 tons a day were 

 necessary and with emphasis of the part played by 

 the peach pit campaign in furnishing some of the 

 400 tons a day of coconut shells and peach pits 

 necessary to produce the gas mask charcoal. (4) 

 Mention of the manufacture of one half million 

 horse masks and miscellaneous gas defense pro- 

 tective apparatus, other than horse masks. (5) 

 A description with lantern slides showing some of 

 the work done by the Field Testing Section, dig- 

 ging trenches and fighting miniature battles in 

 gas in order to work out the characteristics of gas 



The usual banquet on Saturday evening was 

 given at the Bellevue Stratford with about seventy- 

 five members and guests present. Toasts were re- 

 sponded to by Honorable George Gray, Professor 

 E. G. Conklin, Professor J. W. Bright and Dr. J. 

 W. Holland. Arthur W. Goodspeed 



SCIENCE 



A Weekly Journal devoted to the Advancement of 

 Science, publishing the official notices and pro- 

 ceedings of the American Association for 

 the Advancement of Science 



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LANCASTER, PA. GARRISON, N. Y. 



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Entered in the pMt-«ffic« at Luicaittr. Pa., u lecond dan maJOm 



