January 26, 1917] 



SCIENCE 



91 



Ideational Behavior of Monkeys and Apes: 

 Eobert M. Terkes, Psychological Laboratory, 

 Harvard University. The general conclusions 

 whieli may be deduced are that the ape ex- 

 hibits various forms of ideational behavior, 

 whereas the reactive tendencies of monkeys 

 are inferior in type. 



The Osmotic Pressure and Lowering of the 

 Freezing -Point of Mixtures of Salts with one 

 another and with Non-Electrolytes in Aqueous 

 Solutions: William D. Harkins, E. E. Hall 

 and W. A. Roberts, Kent Chemical Laboratory, 

 University of Chicago. The general result ob- 

 tained with mixtures already investigated is 

 that the lowering of the freezing-point of the 

 mixture is very nearly that which would be 

 calculated on the basis that each salt produces 

 a lowering of the freezing-point proportional 

 to its own concentration and to the mol-nimi- 

 ber which it has when present alone in a solu- 

 tion of salt concentration. 



Certain General Properties of Functions: 

 Henry Blumberg, Department of Mathematics, 

 University of Nebraska. 



Sphenacodon Marsh, A Permocarhoniferous 

 Theromorph Reptile from New Mexico : Sam- 

 uel W. Williston, Walker Museum, University 

 of Chicago. Reconstruction of a fossil reptile 

 found in a bone bed from which some collec- 

 tions were made as early as thirty-eight years 

 ago, but which seems to have been almost for- 

 gotten until recently. 



On Volume in Biology: Lavprence J. Hen- 

 derson, Chemical Laboratory of Harvard Col- 

 lege. When equilibrium has been established 

 in a heterogeneous system (capillary and gravi- 

 tational phenomena being absent) the volume 

 of the phases is not relevant to the state of the 

 system, but in nearly all physiological changes 

 the regulation of volume is of great impor- 

 tance. Edwin Bidwell Wilson 



Mass. Institute of Technology, 

 Cambridge, Mass. 



NOTES ON METEOROLOGY AND 

 CLIMATOLOGY 



TWO POPULAR WEATHER BOOKS 



The scientiiic book on meteorology, with its 

 numerous tables, plates and figures is too ex- 



pensive and too bulky, not to mention too 

 technical for light reading. There are three 

 standard American meteorological treatises. 

 Professor W. M. Davis's " Elementary Meteor- 

 ology "^ is finely written and illustrated, but 

 on account of advances in meteorology in the 

 past twenty years it needs to be supplemented 

 by Professor W. I. Milham's " Meteorology "^ 

 or by Dr. W. L. Moore's " Descriptive Meteor- 

 ology."^ There is ample room for the small, 

 easily read books on instruments,* weather 

 processes, and forecasting. Two such books 

 deserve particular mention : " Our Own 

 Weather," by Edwin C. Martin,^ and " Bead- 

 ing the Weather," by T. Morris Longstreth.' 

 The first is a carefully written, lucid account 

 of weather processes. After a discussion of 

 the general character and circulation of the 

 atmosphere, the author takes as his main 

 theme the cyclones and anticyclones of the 

 United States and their secondary phenomena. 

 At the end is a chapter on weather signs and 

 superstitions. Rarely, there are weak spots. 

 The cause of the deflection of the wind by the 

 rotation of the earth is not " that a body of 

 air travelling from the equator toward the 

 poles carries with it an eastward speed ac- 

 quired at the equator and exceeding always 

 that which it finds in the parts to which it 

 goes " (p. 23). When any body on the earth's 

 surface is set in motion it is deflected by the 

 disturbance of the equilibrium between gravity 

 and the centrifugal tendency.'' Elsewhere 

 (p. 33) the author says that the stop in tem- 

 perature fall with increase in altitude, and the 

 reduction in wind velocity "above the seven- 



1 Boston, 1894, 4to, 355 pp., 106 figs., 6 charts. 



2 New York, 1912, 4to, 549 pp., 157 illustrations, 

 50 charts. 



sNew York, 1910, 4to, 344 pp., 81 figs., 45 

 charts. 



* Cf. ' ' Weather and Weather Instruments. ' ' 

 Taylor Instrument Companies, Eochester, 1908, 

 8vo, 175 pp. 



5 New York, 1913, 8vo, 281 pp., 8 cloud plates, 

 8 maps. 



6 Outing Series 43, 1915, 12mo, 8 cloud plates. 



T See Wm. Ferrel, ' ' A Popular Treatise on the 

 Winds," New York, 1889, pp. 42-88; or Davis, 

 op. cit; pp. 101 et seq. 



