278 



SCIENCE 



[N. S. Vol. XLV. No. 1160 



schools in which psychology is being taught 

 by our members. 



272 of our 307 members are now or were 

 recently engaged in teaching (including 

 educational administration). This is a 

 larger percentage than in any other science 

 except mathematics. Most of the remain- 

 ing 35 have also taught. Of these there are 

 eleven who are engaged in work unrelated 

 to psychology, supposing this to be the case 

 for married women, for there are nine women 

 among the eleven. "We have one museum 

 curator, two clergymen, and two practising 

 physicians. Then there are sixteen con- 

 nected with boards of education, hospitals, 

 laboratories of reformatory and charitable 

 institutions and the like. It is not impos- 

 sible that this group, now so small, may at 

 our fiftieth anniversary surpass in numbers 

 those engaged in teaching. 



258, or 84 per cent., of our members are 

 recorded as holding the degree of doctor of 

 philosophy. Psychology is the most aca- 

 demic of all subjects, a larger percentage of 

 psychologists having taken the advanced 

 university degree than is the case in any 

 other science. Thus in a study made sev- 

 eral years ago I found that about 60 per 

 cent, of zoologists and of mathematicians, 

 who in this respect come next to psychol- 

 ogists, have taken the degree and the per- 

 centage falls to about 10 for anatomists 

 and pathologists. The American univer- 

 sities which have conferred more than two 

 of these degrees are : Columbia 46, Harvard 

 and Chicago 31, Clark 25, Cornell 24, Johns 

 Hopkins and Yale 15, Pennsylvania 11, 

 Iowa 6 and Michigan 4. The foreign uni- 

 versities are : Leipzig 15, Wiirzburg, Berlin 

 and Freiburg 3. These fourteen institu- 

 tions have conferred all but 27 of the 258 

 degrees. But while psychologists have 

 taken their advanced degrees from a small 

 number of institutions their' coUege origin 

 is very wide. They come largely and in- 



creasingly from the institutions of the cen- 

 tral and western states, but the data at 

 hand do not permit of a numerical state- 

 ment. In my previous study I found that 

 psychologists were as likely to come from 

 smaU colleges as from large institutions 

 having strong departments, and that those 

 from the smaller institutions were equally 

 likely to be distinguished. 



At our second meeting, held in New York^ 

 in 1893, Professor Mary W. Calkins and 

 Mrs. C. Ladd Franklin were elected to 

 membership. "We were thus tolerably 

 prompt to recognize equality of opportu- 

 nity for the sexes, and this record we have 

 maintained, for we now have 39 women 

 among our members. Thirteen per cent, of 

 women may be an unlucky number — it does 

 not represent the ratio of the sexes — but it 

 is larger than in any other science. I have 

 recently counted up the number of women 

 in my Biographical Directory, and find 

 that among the 224 psychologists, 9.8 per 

 cent, are women. Zoology stands next with 

 7.5, and the percentage falls to 2.1 for 

 chemistry and 1.3 for physics and geology. 

 Of our 39 women members 36 have the 

 degree of doctor of philosophy, 11 from 

 Chicago, 5 from Cornell and 3 from Colum- 

 bia. If we should use the illegitimate 

 method of projecting the cuiwes of attend- 

 ance in our courses in psychology at Colum- 

 bia, we could set the date when it will be 

 no longer a coeducational institution. 



I think it is safe to state that we are now 

 doing more work in psychology than any 

 other nation. I once counted up the entries 

 in the Index covering the first 25 volumes 

 of the Zeiisclirift fur Psychologie — from 

 1890 to 1902 — containing references to the 

 articles published in the journal or re- 

 viewed by it, the more important contribu- 

 tions to psychology from the German point 

 of view. It was disclosed that during this 

 period America led all nations in experi- 



