376 



SCIENCE 



[N. S. Vol. XLV. No. 1164 



after the Great War we are to be called 

 upon to play a new part in world affairs 

 calling for larger homogeneity and national 

 purpose on the part of our people; and if 

 we are soon to undertake new educational 

 efforts along agricultural, industrial, tech- 

 nical and political lines, as now seems cer- 

 tain, it is of fundamental importance that 

 we eliminate from the organization and ad- 

 ministration of our schools these features 

 which stand as serious obstacles to their de- 

 velopment on a thoroughly professional 

 basis. We must also so shape their admin- 

 istration as to offer good inducements to 

 the best of our men and women to make 

 careful preparation for public service as 

 school administrators, and we must assure 

 them entrance to the work on the basis of 

 preparation and competency, a cliance to 

 perform useful and unobstructed service, 

 and the possibility of desirable life careers 

 in the work. That this is not the case to- 

 day in our county and state educational 

 service, or even in our city educational 

 service to the extent that is desired, is 

 largely due to the obstacles to educational 

 progress, chiefly of a political and provin- 

 cial type, which I have just enumerated. 

 Ellwood p. Cubberlet 

 Stanford University 



HUNTER OR HUSBANDMAN i 



The assumption that all the wild life grow- 

 ing upon the land belongs to all the people, and 

 that any one who can do so is free to take it, 

 is, of course, a direct inheritance from the day 

 when aU the game belonged to the king; when 

 the king could do no wrong. We, the people, 

 have succeeded the king. We have acquired 

 his rights and privileges — ^his right to kill, his 

 right to overrun the fields of the farmer, his 

 right to get something for nothing. 



We need now to recognize that the day of 

 wanton exploitation is past, and that we have 



1 Extract from an address recently delivered be- 

 fore an audience of farmers at the New York 

 State College of Agriculture. 



entered upon an era of conservation during 

 which we must live on the increase of nature's 

 products that our own hands have secured for 

 us; no longer something for nothing, but 

 everything for care and forethought and the 

 application of science to bettering the condi- 

 tions of life. 



The primary assumption shoidd be that the 

 region where farmers live is an agricultural 

 co mm unity — not a howling wilderness or a 

 hunting preserve. 



Hunting there must be to satisfy the human 

 craving for sport — sport of a kind that is nor- 

 mal to the growing up of every youth, and that 

 is a legitimate part of a man's recreation. But 

 hunting is, at best, a savage sport that is pur- 

 sued with dangerous weapons ; and it should be 

 pursued in civilized society only in places set 

 aside for the purpose. The farmer should pos- 

 sess his farm in peace. The part of the public 

 that desires to hunt should have proper places 

 provided, and these places should be publicly 

 marked for hunting ; and peaceful farms where 

 the wild life is treasured should not have to be 

 marked against it. As there are public waters 

 stocked by the state in which any one may fish, 

 so there should be public game and forest pre- 

 serves where one may hujit. 



The farmers want freedom from the nuis- 

 ance of the hunters who are merely raiders and 

 economic pirates, and should unite to secure 

 it. Every man's farm should be his own, free 

 from ravage by hunters, free from menace by 

 guns. All its wild products should be in his 

 own keeping, subject only to his neighbor's in- 

 terests, rights and welfare. The farmer should 

 be free to raise on his farm any kind of plant 

 or animal without permit or license from any 

 source. Such artificial barriers ought not to 

 obstruct the path of forward-looking agricul- 

 tural enterprises. 



The conservation measures that will best se- 

 cure these ends are those which will protect 

 and preserve the wild life in suitable places 

 and provide hunting for the future; for men 

 will hunt, and many of the farmers themselves 

 desire this sport. The measures already before 

 us that wiU go farthest toward removing the 

 hunter from the farmer's premises are these: 



