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SCIENCE 



[N. S. Vol. XLV. No. 1165 



tained reveals the observer's personality, that is, 

 his mental and physical activities as shown by 

 what has been stated concerning him in "Who's 

 Who in America" (W.), "American Men of Sci- 

 ence" (C), his general reputation in the univer- 

 sity community, the opinion that his intimate 

 friends have of him, my own knowledge of him, 

 and by what he himself said at the close of the 

 experiments when questioned regarding the per- 

 sonality-revealing power of the content of the 

 images he had reported. 



The first individual results to which I wish to 

 direct especial attention are those obtained with 

 E. — (C.W.) — ^professor of electrical engineering at 

 Stanford University, formerly at Cornell. Born 

 in 1866. Has not traveled in Europe. At the time 

 of the experiments was preparing for a demonstra- 

 tion and discussion at the approaching summer 

 meeting of the American Association for the Ad- 

 vancement of Science of the insulation of electric 

 currents at high voltage. 



E. 's images for the most part as regards fre- 

 quency follow the general time law. The interest- 

 ing peculiarities to note are that the willed images 

 have, more frequently than the spontaneous, an 

 imaginative character, and that the future gives 

 more images in the case of willed images than of 

 spontaneous. That is, the imagination images are 

 concerned with the future; they have a creative 

 rather than a reminiscent character and have more 

 largely to do with electrical work. The difference 

 in content between the spontaneous and willed 

 images of E. is due doubtless to the course of 

 training aa regards the putting aside of his elec- 

 trical and, indeed, of all work of an inventive char- 

 acter during the hours devoted to rest, which he 

 has been obliged to give himself in order to re- 

 store and preserve his health. 



E. 's images are connected with the east, where 

 he has engaged in electrical work, with Stanford 

 University, especially his laboratory and home, 

 with the Panama-Pacific Exposition in San Fran- 

 cisco, with Owens Valley and La Jolla, where he 

 watched the construction of the Los Angeles 

 Aquatic Power Project as consulting electrical 

 engineer, and with places where he has gone on 

 pleasure excursions in his automobile, as, for ex- 

 ample, a series of views on a drive from San Fran- 

 cisco and San Jose to Stanford. 



People, interiors (his own laboratory, particu- 

 larly), electrical instruments and machinery, auto- 

 mobiles, electric cars and landscapes, especially 

 the scenes along a country road, are evidently of 

 the greatest interest to E. It is noticeable that 



when he uses his will, not people or landscapes are 

 the image-producers, but his work as an electrician, 

 the improvement and adaptation of electrical in- 

 struments and machinery that he contemplates 

 taking up in the near future in getting ready for 

 the demonstration just mentioned. 



Through curtailed summary just given of the 

 content of E's images I am able to give but a very 

 general idea of the information conveyed through 

 them regarding his mental and physical activities. 

 The results, however, obtained with him and vsdth 

 the other observers do show that through using the 

 image method one is able to obtain very detailed 

 information regarding a person's individual pe- 

 culiarities. 



W. — Major in history, Stanford University. 

 Born 1890 in Los Angeles, where his family has 

 since lived. Captain of the baseball team. Vis- 

 ited Japan and Hawaiian Islands with the team 

 in 1913. The experiments were made during the 

 baseball training season. 



W. 's spontaneous images are largely confined to 

 the present and to Stanford University. Those 

 that are willed also include images of the trip he 

 made with the team. His Stanford images show 

 that his thought is taken up with the men of the 

 baseball team, the athletic field, the training 

 house, and with other places and things connected 

 with the playing of baseball. The images give, 

 without doubt, a true picture of the life of a col- 

 lege student devoted to athletics. It is said this 

 observer has been tempted to give up the idea he 

 formerly had of going into scientific farming and 

 has even seriously considered devoting himself to 

 professional baseball. One is made to realize more 

 fully in examining these images how college ath- 

 letics may largely absorb a student's thought and 

 become, as in this case, a menace as far as the 

 particular student is concerned to the college itself 

 as an intellectual center. 



FF. — Born in Palo Alto in 1901 and has lived 

 there continuously, except for a year and a half 

 spent in the eastern part of the United States and 

 the eleven summers of perhaps four weeks each, 

 spent at Carmel, and the four summers of eight 

 weeks each at Tahoe. Up to within a year or so 

 she studied at home, but is now in a private school. 



As to time, FF. 's images follow the law, except 

 that their number is greater in 1909-07 than in 

 1911-10. This is probably due to the fact that a 

 year and a half of this time was spent in the 

 eastern part of the United States, for the major- 

 ity of the images of this period are reproductions 

 of occurrences connected with this eastern visit. 



