40 Mr. Blyth — A few Identifications 



breed, the young being the Sterna marginata, nobis (J. A. S. 

 vol. XV. p. 373). Also Anous stolida and A. tenuirostris, Phaeton 

 cethereus, Sula fusca, and S. piscator more rarely; but these are 

 oceanic birds, of more or less general diffusion in intertropical 

 seas chiefly. Mr. Gould's Anous melanops and A. leucocapillus 

 do not appear, either of them, to be identical with A. tenuiros- 

 tris of the Indian Ocean. 



Assuming that the vi^hole, or that very nearly the vi'hole, of 

 the foregoing identifications are correct, it follows that a large 

 proportion of the wading birds, and several of the Terns, which 

 have been supposed to be peculiar to Australia are more or less 

 common to South-eastern Asia or to the various countries bor- 

 dering on the Indian Ocean, some of them, however, undoubtedly 

 occurring more or less as stragglers on either side, which fur- 

 ther observation is required to decide in certain instances. In the 

 extreme east of Asia others of the erratic Waders of Australia 

 may possibly turn up, as Numenius uropygialis, Gould, Limosa 

 uropijgialis, Gould, and Tringa albescens, T., which, with others, 

 have occurred to Mr. Swinhoe; and it diminishes the surprise 

 that so many of the Australian species should have been ob- 

 tained by Dr. Horsfield in Java. The Totanus hrevipes, Vieillot 

 {pulverulentus, S. Mliller, griseopygius, Gould), according to the 

 authors of the ' Fauna Japonica,' has been received from North 

 Australia, Timor, Borneo, Ceram, Japan, and both sides of the 

 North Pacific *. 



Mr. Swinhoe has shown that certain of the migratory land- 

 birds of China pass southward to spend the winter in the Ma- 

 layan peninsula, Java, and the Philippines. Thus the Ery- 

 throsterna erythaca, nobis, procured in Pinang, proved to be the 

 female oi Muscicapa luteola, Pallas, as figured by Middendorff; 



* In the islands immediately to the north of Anstralia, from Celebes 

 eastward, Mr. Wallace has noticed Glareola grallaria, Esacus magnh os- 

 tris, Numenius uropygialis, " Egretta syrmatopliora " {alba), " E. nigri- 

 rostris, Gray " (egrettoides), Nycticorax caledonicus, and Tadorna radjah 

 {vide P. Z. S. 1862, p. 346; 1863, p. 35). The Scythropsnova-liollandicB 

 is an Australian species which migrates to Celebes, like Cuculus canoroides 

 {optatus) in China and Java, Chrysococcyx lucidus in Java and the Ma- 

 layan peninsula, and Eudynamys australis in China and Java (and Su- 

 matra apud Bonaparte), among the Cuculidce. 



