62 Dr. Henry Giglioni on the Birds observed at Pisa 



rusticola, Gallinago scolopacina, and G. gallinula, during the 

 winter. Brehm^s Snipe {G. burka or G. brehmi) is not rare ; I 

 found it in February ; and Gallinago major arrives towards the 

 end of April in great numbers. 



The quick and sprightly Water-Rail {Rallus aquaticus) is 

 peculiarly common here, v/hile at Genoa I found it very scarce. 

 Ortygometra porzana is also exceedingly abundant, appearing in 

 April; and 0. pusilla is pretty common about the same time. 

 Baillon's Crake (0. bailloni) is decidedly rarer, arriving also 

 later in the spring. The Moor-hen [Gallinula chloropus) arrives 

 here in April, and is then very common ; while the Coot {Fulica 

 atra) abounds on every marsh in the Pisan neighbourhood, espe- 

 cially on the small Lake of Massacinccoli, near Viareggio, and is 

 eagerly sought for as an article of food. I suspect that the Crested 

 Coot [F. cristata), so common in the island of Sardinia, often 

 strays to these shores and is confounded with the common species. 



The Flamingo {Phcenicopterus antiquorum) has been shot 

 here latterly, but its appearance in these parts is a rare event. 



The only Wild Goose I have met with. during my ornitholo- 

 gical rambles was Anser segetum,in large flocks on the SanRossore 

 preserves during the winter. Of Anatidce I have found the 

 following species in winter and early spring : — Anas boschas, 

 Mareca penelope, Dafila acuta, Chaulelasmus strepera, Querque- 

 dula circia, Nettion crecca, Spatula clypeata, ^thyia ferina, 

 Nyroca leucophihalmus, Fuligula cristata, and Clangula glaucion 

 (young birds). Callichen rufina is also here pretty often; but 

 I have not met with it. Of the Mergin(2, I only procured the 

 Smew {Mergellus albellus). 



The Pisan neighbourhood would seem peculiarly well adapted 

 for Grebes, and my expectations in that quarter were very high, 

 as I hoped to get all the European species; however, I was 

 doomed to be disappointed, and got only three species, Podiceps 

 cristatus, Pi^octopus auritus, and the common Dabchick {Sylbeo- 

 cyclus minor). 



My list of Sea-Gulls and such like will be short ; for, owing to 

 my numerous occupations, my visits to the coast were necessarily 

 few and far apart ; however, I contrived to see the following. 

 The Manx Shearwater [Puffinus anglorum) I saw resting on the 



