98 GUIDEBOOK OF THE WESTERN UNITED STATES 
Plate 13, C. A large quarry for road ballast at Toronto siding shows 
a contact of two volcanic flows. South of the track, beyond Toronto, 
is the very high conical mass of Paisano Peak. It has a crater-form 
bowl in the top strongly suggestive of the remains of an old crater, 
and doubtless it was the vent of one or more of the great outbursts of 
lava that covered all the surrounding country. Several dikes of 
dark-colored igneous rock crossed by the railroad west of this peak 
represent cracks up which lava welled to feed some of the later out- 
flows. In this region numerous live oaks and a few junipers give a 
very pleasing effect to the landscape, and there is considerable grass, 
which sustains many cattle. A typical view on one of the large 
pastures in the mountains is given in Plate 14, A. The approach to 
Paisano Pass is shown in Plate 14, B. 
In a pretty grove of live oaks a few miles beyond Toronto siding 
on the south side of the track is a Baptist camp-meeting ground, where 
each year large numbers gather from all quarters for a week of instruc- 
tion and recreation. Another great camp-meeti und, nonde- 
nominational and operated without charge to those attending, is at 
Skillman’s grove, a few miles west of Fort Davis or north of Marfa, 
in a park among the volcanic peaks of the central part of the Davis 
Mountains. This grove was named for the man who first carried the 
monthly mail from San Antonio to El Paso and return. 
At Paisano siding,” in the divide on the Davis Mountains, the rail- 
road reaches its highest elevation, near the western margin of the 
older volcanic lavas, which in this vicinity are mostly 
a trachyte, as in the region about Alpine. Just west 
Fevation 6,073 feet. of the siding the railroad d ds i ide vall 
Heir Ortaans Vian” siding the r escends into a wide valley 
occupied by alluvium, doubtless underlain by volcanic 
rocks. A few rods beyond Paisano a line of the Atchison, Topeka & 
Santa Fe Railway system, which uses the Southern Pacific tracks 
from Alpine, here diverges to the south on the way to Presidio, on 
6%’ These rocks are all in extensive 
hornblende, and quartz, with a tend- 
sheets which have been tilted, flexed, 
and faulted to some extent and con- 
materials are 
yte, in places under- 
lain by soda rhyolite and agglomerate. 
Soda rhyolite, conspicuous on Sunny 
Brook and at the foot of Twin Moun- 
albite and quartz, as determined by 
C. S. Ross, of the United States Geo- 
® A dike near Paisano consists of a 
been named “paisanite” by Osann. 
Its components are mainly feldspar, 
ency to granophyric structure. Ap- 
parently it was an outlet or feeder for 
one of the volcanic flows in the vicinity. 
Some distance south of Paisano is 
Cienega Mountain, which contains a 
mass of marble of good quality that 
has been quarried to some extent. It 
trusive mass, which constitutes most of 
the mountain. This mass is a 
trachyte composed of sodic plagioclase 
and iron oxides similar to some of the 
great lava flows in the region about 
Alpine, 
