128 GUIDEBOOK OF THE WESTERN UNITED STATES 
is a noticeable feature on the south end of the mountain. The moun- 
tains to the south, in Mexico, are the Sierra Guadalupe and the Cerro 
de Muleros. 
Wells in El Paso are reported to have penetrated valley fill to the 
depth of 2,285 feet. Fossil bones found in the Quaternary deposits 
have been determined as Elephas columbi, Equus complicatus, and 
Tapirus haysii?, representing an elephant, an ancient horse, and a 
tapir, all of which have been extinct for many centuries. 
Tin ore was discovered in the Franklin Mountains in 1899, and 
various unsuccessful attempts have been made to work it profitably. 
The mineral is cassiterite, or tin oxide, and it occurs with quartz in 
the granite 12 miles north of El Paso. 
The Franklin Mountains figure in many legends of the Indians and 
early settlers. One of the peaks suggests the outline of an Indian’s 
head, traditionally said to be that of Cheetwah, a chief who was 
responsible for the massacre and exile of the Spaniards in New Mexico 
in 1680. There also is the reputed location of La Mina del Padre, a 
famous lost mine, the entrance to which, so the story runs, can be 
seen from the portal of the cathedral in Jusdrez by looking northeast 
exactly at sunrise ‘on the right day of the year.” 
In the Hueco Mountains, above the long talus slopes, there are 
caves which have yielded remains of the primitive people who once 
inhabited the region—fragments of head dresses, sandals, a cord 
skirt, and shell pendants, possibly indicating a ceremonial place. At 
Hueco Tanks are pictographs of various life forms and geometric 
designs in red pigment, and at the foot of the range near the New 
is a little more than 390 miles. It covers an area of 122,634 square 
miles, or slightly more than that of Colorado. It includes the south 
of Carboniferous limestone in the range 
Permian 
c are invaded by masses of porphyry 
ein yo of which have been intruded in a molten 
At several localities in the 
nina arried remains of Inoceramus 
1€ abiatus, a characteristic Colorado fossil 
_ cement works, where about 90 feet of (Upper Cretaceous.) This shale also 
crops out on the south side of the river. 
The heavy deposits of gravel and sand 
of the higher terraces are well exposed 
| in the upper part of the city. 
-retaceous beds appear on the opposite 
