SOUTHERN PACIFIC LINES 147 
for they avoided open engagements and could travel fast and far on 
their ponies. It is stated that Cochise’s enmity was aroused by an 
act of treachery of an inexperienced young Army officer who, when 
Cochise, under a flag of truce, came to deny that his tribe had ab- 
ducted a white child, seized him and a group of his chiefs. Cochise 
escaped, but his chiefs were hanged. This was in 1860. It was Gen. 
O. O. Howard who 12 years later finally arranged a peace pact with 
Cochise, a treaty which the chief required his band to observe until 
his death in 1874. 
In the Chiricahua Mountains is a great cavern where the remnants 
of Cochise’s band had the custom of gathering after his death to 
honor him with weird ceremonies. These mountains were also the 
headquarters of Arizona Kid, one of the last of the bad Apaches. 
The Chiricahua Apaches were repeatedly placed on reservations, 
but they were subject to a vacillating Federal policy, with the result 
that they went on the warpath at frequent intervals. Chato, Ge- 
rénimo, Nachi, Loco, and Victorio were notorious chiefs. On his last 
escape Fnsite the reservation in the White Mountains, Gerénimo and 
his band, slaughtering people as he went, traveled south along the 
New Mexico-Arizona line as far as Scie Pass. Here he turned 
west to a hiding place in the Chiricahua Mountains. After 10 years 
of this warfare the Apaches were subjugated in 1886 by Gen. Nelson 
A. Miles, and their leaders removed from the territory.!! 
At Cavot siding, 4 miles west of Steins station, the State of Arizona 
is entered. The State line is on the thirty-second meridian west of 
Washington (very nearly 3 miles west of longitude 
Arizona. 109° west of Greenwich) and was so defined ~ ws 
when the Federal Government was attempt 
establish an initial meridian passing through the National Pe 
Most of its western boundary is formed by the Colorado River, and 
its average width isabout315 miles. With an area of 113,956 square 
miles, it is the fifth State in size in the Union, being nearly as large as 
4 Victorio, after various raids and | Carlos, Ariz., but he was recaptured. 
atrocities in Mexico, Texas, and Ari- | In 1882 he left San Carlos on a raid into 
of his band he was attacked by Mexican | Crook in the Sierra Madre and settled 
is said that his scalp was exhibited in | 1884-85 he made a bloody raid through 
Mexico City. Nachi was Cochise’sson. | southern Arizona and New Mexico into 
Gerénimo (Spanish for Jerome), who | Mexico, where in August, 1886, he and 
was particularly notorious, was born | Nachi (his chief, son of Cochise) and 
New Mexico, and died in captivity | finally to Fort Sill in Oklahoma. He 
February 17, 1909. His real name was | died there Feb. 17, 1909 (Hodge, 
Goyathlay (‘‘one who yawns”). In| F. W., Handbook of American Indians: 
1876 he and other Apaches fied to | Bur. 5 ean Ethnology Bull. 30, p. 491, 
Mexico to avoid being moved to San | 1912), 
