270 GUIDEBOOK OF THE WESTERN UNITED STATES 
The Santa Ana River is crossed about 7 miles west of Redlands 
and the city of Colton is entered. Colton is an important commercial 
and railroad center. Among many other industries it 
Colton. ni P ; 
Ad a has a large plant for icing refrigerator freight cars that 
Population 8,014. carry fruits and other perishable products on the long 
_ Severs 1,4 trip across the warm Imperial Valley and the deserts 
of southern Arizona and New Mexico. In this region 
the mean annual precipitation is about 14 inches, varying usually from 
10 to 18 inches. The humidity is generally only 30 to 40 per cent, so 
that the summer heat is seldom uncomfortable. 
Colton has a cement works with a capacity of 3,000 barrels a day, 
using the marble that constitutes Slover Mountain, just west of the 
city, and there is another large plant near Riverside. Southwest of 
the city many small peaks of granite rise above the plain. 
Riverside (population 29,696, an increase of more than 50 per cent 
from 1920 to 1930), visible 7 miles south of Colton, is one of the greatest 
orange-shipping centers in the world, receiving nearly $4,000,000 
yearly for its output. (See pl. 45.) The city is famous for its general 
beauty, the original navel orange tree, the Mission Hotel, and Mag- 
nolia Avenue, with its 10 miles of quadruple rows of eucalyptus, pep- 
per, palms, and magnolias. <A portion of this avenue is shown in’ 
Plate 44, B. The parent of millions of orange trees (which in 1874 
came to Riverside as a seedling sent by the Department of Agricul- 
ture) now stands protected by a high railing, in a position of honor 
in front of Mission Inn, where President Theodoré Roosevelt replanted 
it in 1903. The county courthouse and the high school at Riverside 
are notable examples of architectural achievement. There is also a 
large Indian school. On Mount Rubidoux is a cross dedicated to 
the memory of Padre Junipero Serra. This knoll takes its name 
from a trapper who owned the Jurupa ranch, the site of Riverside, 
which at first was named Jurupa. 
The name San Bernardino Valley was given by Garecés in 1774 to 
the plains adjacent to the upper portion of the Santa Ana River, but 
it is now applied to the continuation of these plains that extend for 
90 miles along the south side of the east end of the San Gabriel Moun- 
tains to and beyond Pomona, an area of about 1,500 square miles. 
This valley is filled with débris of unknown Gack nes: and its surface 
is made up of deposits of sand, silt, and gravel, the talus and wash 
from the adjacent ranges. The elevntion: along its north side is about 
2,000 feet, and the distance from its southern margin to the ocean is 
about 50 miles. To the south and west are low ranges, the chief of 
which is the Santa Ana Mountains, culminating in Santiago Peak, 
= 5,680 feet high, visible on the southwestern horizon. 
_ To the northeast are many high peaks of the San Bernardino 
tains, See yer shied by the railroad from Whitewater to 
peaks ee 
