SOUTHERN PACIFIC LINES 283 
reports it produces more than one quarter of the oranges, lemons, and 
walnuts (nearly 20,000,000 pounds), and more than 10 per cent of 
the grapefruit (157,500 bdxes) grown in the State. The milk produc- 
tion in 1929 was more than 47,000,000 gallons. The mean annual 
temperature of Los Angeles is 62°, 
The harbor at San Pedro, called the Port of Los Angeles, on the 
ocean 25 miles south of the center of the city, has a large coast and 
trans-Pacific trade. Its exports in 1929 were valued at $166,328,683 
and the imports at $63,685,483 (U. S. Department of Commerce). 
Los Angeles has four large educational institutions—the University 
of Southern California, the University of California at Los Angeles, 
Loyola College, and Occidental College. The Public Library is a 
handsome edifice and, besides the usual material, contains a large 
collection of books of reference. 
The Museum of History, Science, and Art in Exposition Park has 
fine collections in many fields and controls the remarkable fossil bone 
deposits in the asphalt springs of Rancho La Brea (pl. 48, B), about 
8 miles directly west of the center of the city. These springs of tarry 
material due to seepages of petroleum which have oozed up from an 
underlying stratum have been for centuries most effective animal 
traps. The asphalt has accumulated to depths of 15 to 30 feet and 
has preserved the bones of thousands of extinct as well as modern 
animals which were caught in its sticky pools.» The skeletons of 
elephants, camels, ground sloths, lions, saber-toothed tigers, wolves, 
bears, and myriads of smaller animals, including 50 species of birds, 
have been dug out and set up in the museum. (See fig. 69.) Carniv- 
orous quadrupeds predominated, a fact which indicates that animals 
venturing out on the seemingly solid surface were caught in the viscid 
asphalt and served as a bait to lure their bloodthirsty neighbors, who 
in their turn were also trapped and unable to extricate themselves. 
These animals lived mostly during the Pleistocene epoch, when the 
northern part of this continent was buried under great fields of ice, 
but some of them represent later times. In one pit was found a skull 
of a human being, who may have lived 10,000 years or more ago, 
- contemporaneously with some of the later animals now extinct, but 
is regarded as belonging to a later date than most of the animals. 
% According to Stock, the most | mastodon (M ), horse 
abundant m s are the saber- | (Equus occidentalis), bison (Bison anti- 
toothed tiger (Smilodon californicus) | quus), camel hesternus), 
and the dire wolf (Arenocyon dirus), | antelope (Capromeryz minor), and 
several kinds of ground sloths (Mylo- 
which are represented by thousands of 
bones. There were also the great 
- jionlike eat (Felis atrox), the coyote 
(Canis ochropus orcutti), and the short- 
_ faced bear (Tremarctotherium californi- 
Among the herbivores were the 
= cum). A 
Mammoth (Archidiskodon imperator), 
don harlanii, Nothrothertum shastense, 
and Megalonyx jeffersonii). Among 
the great numbers of condors, vultures, 
eagles, and hawks is the largest bird of 
flight, a condorlike vulture (Teratornis 
vaigoone 
