290 GUIDEBOOK OF THE WESTERN UNITED STATES 
belt of schists, slates, and other metamorphic rocks which are regarded 
as Paleozoic. West of Jacumba there is a long ascent up the granite 
slope to the summit at Hipass (elevation 3,660 feet). In this region 
the granite is weathered into many grotesque forms, mostly rounded, 
with numerous balanced rocks and rugged pinnacles. Pronounced 
jointing has had much to do with the development of these features. 
The granite of the entire range is mostly light colored, of uniform 
grain, and very massive, so that much of it would make a fine building 
stone. Itis cut by dikes of darker rocks, and there are zones in which 
the jointing is closely spaced and the rock considerably shattered. 
The mountain vegetation is very different from that of the desert, 
with much manzanita and live oak. The manzanita (Arctostaphylos 
patula) is a shrub having a smooth bark of rich chocolate-brown color, 
small pale-green roundish leaves, and berries that resemble diminutive 
apples. It is this resemblance that gives the shrub its common name, 
which in Spanish signifies little apple. Bears are very fond of these 
berries. The manzanita covers many of the hills in California with a 
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FiGuRE 71.—Section about 2 miles north of Jacumba Springs, Calif. 
stiff, almost impenetrable growth. Its wood is hard, and the blaze 
from an old gnarled root cheers many a western fireplace. The live 
oak grows generally in the valleys, for the mountains are mostly 
covered by bushes with many bare rocky spots. The summit is broad 
and rolling, with parks at intervals. The country near the pass is 
not high enough for pine, which occurs on the adjoining highlands. 
On the west side of the pass the railroad makes a long tortuous descent 
through the Campo Indian Reservation into the valley of Campo 
Creek, which is followed to a point considerably below Campo. 
Campo is a small settlement in a parklike valley surrounded by 
granite hills on which are many great residual boulders of granite. 
This granite is the source of fine gems at various places in San Diego 
: County, notably tourmalines of red, green, and pink colors. <A rare 
_ form of spodumene known as kunzite occurs in crystals of beautiful 
purple and violet tints. Garnets and beryls are also obtained, and 
some eee beryls are white or pale rose and almost as brilliant as 
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