SOUTHERN PACIFIC LINES 291 
the mountain. For the next 43 miles the track follows the northern 
margin of Baja California. A long descent is made in a great S-shaped 
course to Redondo, a small village in a wide granite valley with high 
ridges on all sides. This valley is followed to the west, finally down 
a deep gorge in porphyry (beyond Matanuco) which leads out into the 
coastal plain of the west coast of California. This plain is a smooth 
high terrace of gravel and sand (Pleistocene or late Tertiary), deeply 
trenched by the valley of Tia Juana Creek (tee’a wah’na, Spanish for 
Aunt Jane), which the railroad follows to the city of Tia Juana. Two 
miles east of the city it passes the picturesque resort of Agua Caliente, 
with casino, hotel, race course, and other features, where annual 
handicap horse races and golf tournaments are hel 
From Tia Juana the railroad turns north into the United States and, 
crossing a low coastal terrace plain, reaches San Diego in a distance 
of 16 miles. 
The beautiful city of San Diego has developed about a fine harbor 
in the southwest corner of California. The mild winter climate and 
temperate summers have had much to do with attract- 
ing a large population. The harbor was discovered 
Saudioraeg a by the Portuguese navigator, Juan Rodriguez Cabrillo, 
New Orleans 1,978 in September, 1542, and was named in 1602 by Don 
_ Sebastidn Vizcaino, a Spanish explorer. The first 
mission in California was the Mission San Diego de Alcaldé, founded at 
a small Indian rancheria (site of present Old Town) by Padre Junipero 
Serra in July, 1769; it was moved to the present location in 1774. 
Destroyed without warning by the Indians in 1775, it was reestab- 
lished in 1776 and flourished until secularized in 1834. Mexican 
administration of the settlement was organized in 1822. The city is 
built on marine plains and terraces which slope seaward from the 
Cuyamaca Mountains (coo-ya-mah’ca) on the east and the Ysidro 
Mountains (ee-see’dro) to the south. The harbor is used by many 
large ocean vessels, and along its margin are the United States Naval 
Station, Fort Rosecrans, and the Army and Navy aviation head- 
quarters. Many fine beaches, notably Coronado, with its tent city 
and hotel, and Mission Beach, attract large numbers of visitors. 
Balboa Park, 1,400 acres in extent and of great beauty, contains 
museums of natural history and art, housed in some of the handsome 
buildings built for the exposition of 1915. At Old Town, on the north 
San Diego. 
Roveuee 10 to 
edge of the city, are the old mission, old Fort Stockton, the monument 
where in 1846 General Frémont first planted the United States flag, 
and the marriage place of Helen Hunt Jackson’s “‘Ramona.” 
The Point Loma peninsula, which separates the ocean from the bay, 
is a residential section and the headquarters of the Theosophical 
Society. This peninsula is underlain by soft shales and sandstones, 
carrying fossils of Chico (Upper Cretaceous) age capped by cliff- 
