292 GUIDEBOOK OF THE WESTERN UNITED STATES 
making conglomerates of late Tertiary age and to the north passing 
under sandstones carrying Eocene fossils. The famous sea cliffs of 
La Jolla (hoe’ya) are 14 miles north, and near them is the Scripps 
Institution of Oceanography of the Peis onite of California. In these 
cliffs and adjacent areas Cretaceous and Eocene strata are exposed. 
The temperature of the San Diego region is very rarely below 32° or 
above 90°. Myriads of flowers and abundant shade trees are notable 
features. Oranges, lemons, and other fruits, besides vegetables in 
great variety, are grown in the adjoining region. One large industry 
at San Diego is milling lumber brought down the coast from Oregon 
in huge rafts. 
HISTORY OF THE RAILROAD 
The railroad from New Orleans to Los Angeles is part of an extensive system 
with many individual members, of which the Southern Pacifie Co. owns all or 
very nearly all of the capital stock. The line from Algiers to Lafayette now 
known as Morgan’s Louisiana & Texas Railroad & Steamship Co. was incor- 
porated in 1852 as the New Orleans, Opelousas & Great Western Railroad Co. 
It reached Morgan City (Brashear) in 1857 and Lafayette in 1880. It was 
operated by the United States during the Civil War and owned by Charles 
Morgan from 1870 to 1878. The Louisiana & Western Railroad Co. was built 
from Lafayette to the Sabine River in 1881, and the Texas & New Orleans Rail- 
o. was constructed from Orange to Sabine River (Echo) in 1878-81. 
The latter was operated as part of the Louisiana Western Railroad until 1900. 
The Sabine & Galveston Bay Railroad & Lumber Co., later the Texas & New 
Orleans Railroad Co., built a line from Houston to Liberty in 1856-60 and from 
Orange to Liberty in 1859-60. It was dismantled by the Confederates in 1865 
and restored in 1870. The line from Houston to El Paso, known as the Galveston, 
by the bridge across the Colorado River before 1870, including 2% miles of road 
to the river built in 1861-65. The line from Columbus to San Antonio w. 
constructed mostly in 1873-77, and the line thence to El Paso was built in 1881-82 
by a contractor recompensed by bonds and capital stock. From Sierra Blanca 
sad El Paso the tracks are used jointly by the Texas & Pacific Railway on a rental 
is. 
The lines west of El Paso were built in separate portions by pee Southern 
¢ organizations, since 1902 combined in the one general company. The 
Eeseks were laid from Yuma to El! Paso in 1879-81, and the line froma Los Angeles 
to Yuma was built in 1873-77, 
