9—1853.] THE AGRICULTURAL GAZETTE. . 29 
— ed with 
cereals, gu is used with indifferent success, If it had it appea rs as plain as any proposition in what other ground t than this rule — the fact be 
been nervi, guano wo ould have been employed by — “og rf 3 я condition of land would be much | accounted for, that tank after tank has been dug on thé 
British farmers for grain crops didt mor e extensively etter — ain > cluding the gro wth of Oats and clay farn m of Myremill, to contain the accumulated 
itis. I believe it is but a very small proportion | Barley than of When — I have т — in stating | drainings of months ; In fact, the extraordinary results 
of the gross quantity imported that is directly applied that the cultivation of Wheat will one day be r regarded of this modern system of irrigation are apparently 
for white crops. his is more strictly true of the inged on catching ~ period of growth; and since this 
eastern counties of England, for in Scotlan d а consider- | tion. In Scotland the pe I think, is ratherto aim at essential point of s cess has so little been attended to, 
able quantity is used, more particularly for коа enhancing the value of our Turnip crop by the very can we wonder at ‘he very — statem өч 
crops. It is very clear, if Mr. Hudson had not а | moderat te use of feeding аак І ат not inclined aped to the effects of liquid manure? When w 
cheaper source of manure than guano, he could ay ew to condemn the English system € giving greater|have once got land in good condition, the produce of 
hea i t 0 e do, even though . can often be збиен р increased by spring 
js not the most profitable form in which ammonia may ч T ave P eMe and petes fertilisers at dressings v nitrate —— oda— when the proper time of 
presen his с be borne in mind that the tion 
owing to 85 
but rather to external conditions. We have every rops as liberally as we do in Fife—the extra Norfolk farmers find it more a i 
reason to believe one pound of ammonia in a manure of feeding stuffs are given м për above all — — mixed with salt, to their Wheats, at two dressings—one 
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one form may be more efficacious for a crop than three have e-fourth or more of their land, be it good Р in March, the other in Apri 0 h taken into the 
or four in another. This will even be the case with the bad, A heit ni y year— uud cann not fall back on | plant at on ce is not found to be attended with so 
same crops grown on the same soils, but under different | two years pasture so well as we do. The practices are results as when ras quantity is — d to (^ develop- 
circumstances. For example, guano is by far the best | by no means of modern date. A you h farmer | ment of the plant. As guano tak lve 
ng Scote 
and cheapest light manure for Turnips on good loams | who made a tour through Norfolk in 1776, whose MS. | it than Amd omy it is not so sure à manure for spring 
abounding in those mineral matters which that crop | journal has chanced to fall into my hands, viewed these | application, It is certainly a question which admits of 
requires. But guano does not do for the early grown | costly practices with 3 At that time е | some doubt, whether guano should be 
Turnips of the market-gardener, pu superphosphate | farmers were iin ng 40 or 0 head of cattle in their in autumn to * Wheat, in sprin 
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orm as guano is quickly assimilated by the vigour of | a and meat were lower than they are now undreds of Mr. Blaikie, the eminent conductor of the Holkham 
vegetation, and little waste occurs ; but in the languid omnes prac ctical men bs follow a modification of the pr riments, informed me that Rape-cake should net 
wers of ion i co e system. An mate acquaintance of my own | be — чена with the seed in the autumn-sown 
opening year, you must er the food with € who TM on the light "ndi of the eastern counties sone it prematurely €— — JT rne 
ceous matter which allows the active princip b * as an instance. He * e who attends It was fond that t drillin ng the m 
presented to the roots in thé most inviting and poe al | edm ely to his business, and is о theorist but ried rows of Wheat produced eile: trader + effect, and 
form. Неге you see that the chemical considerations — fg a etin of all such. I find him pecca 10007. | I think these results will readily harmonise with many 
are intersected by other elements which come into play. | to 12007. a year on purchase food, on m extent of c^ practical maxims which prevail amongst us. In later 
The requirements of the Turnip in the instances we | not со than what : regen and ma uaging to have | sowings of Wheat, however, such in December, 
have cited are as diverse as the demands of any two | his balan on the right side, as his carefully kept green ry, and hn ards, own experience is ae 
nts of the most opposite natures which you cultivate | accou stify, where aga beef, and dk, n favour of drilling with the seed, for less seed will do 
in your rotation. In these facts, account for them as Wheat, : ‚ап Ат Barley, all the products. I would not and there is then no untimely development of the plant; 
you may, we may obtain a resting-place whence we dictate to him, abro I bes hint that some of his | on Фое E са it takes it all to promote vigour at that 
may view a great many agricultural facts of a like | practices are attended with a little 3 e writes e years I have pen К all the guano, 
nature, which show that we must not always rate the | me— In testing the manure of very highly fed beasts which I Бага сарі for white те he simply мүт. it 
value of manures for all crops, simply by the ammonia х. gu that feed upon roots and straw only, I find with the seed and as much dry n rial as cause 
standard, even when the mineral matters are abundant. 1 difference in favour of the former, both as | this mixture to fall freely out of the — of the — 
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the money that it does in the other. Inferior guano ира answer such Boreas ne doubt, we ought and 1 ewt. of guano put in with the seed will often 
will often be attended with greater benefit than not to try to farm. Here, I reis "pe ost of the | accomplish this as effectually as double the quantity 
i Peruvia ecause i i deast. 
the field th 
here the d ttm of this manure 
rags bone shavings ar for visible, and contrasted very aie A with the part 
Wheat from the quality of slowly yielding up their sub- applicktion. A common sense view of the subject where the guano was sown bro and the erop 
stance. On the other hand, since the introduction of would suggest that soluble manures should as t be maintained a superiority ihrougho aL in po way we 
guano, Rape-cake has been little used for Turnips, as applied, unless the crops were in a rapidly growing | can often compensate incipient vegetatio tio a better 
guano is found to be much the more preferable manure. | condition, otherwise the rains might wash it away. peppered эн а. a gel апр ply of as dose а N fand will 
No doubt, if we could have obtained the ammonia аз | You are all aware that Professor Way has lately made oS 
cheaply in Rape-cake, we would have preferred it to | some very important discoveries in regard to the 7 ача — "diffused more ore sparingly th 
guano, here would have been much less waste on all| which certain soils possess of fixing an and retaining — 2 el the soil, and thus, in cold 
soils, especially on light lands, where the permanency of Mone die valuable addition has, undoubtedly, | concentrated food will act the part rt of an artifical atmo- 
this manure is experienced for years, even after it has| been made to our knowledge of the constituents of sphere, when the natural air is harsh an kindly. 
passed through the stomachs of animals. Indeed, even | soils. вати in the laboratory would almost I cannot conclude, ci ver, without — to the 
e immediate action of guano is considerably modified ечен t manures are quite safe when applied | modern system of irrigation, which has now been in 
on ‘light lands. кае it is found to be rather too con- | to clay — as the rains have not the power of washing operation K some years in дут rshire, and is 
centrated a manure, particularly на the Swede, whose | them out. No doubt these indications are во far transferred to our own, as well as other — тр 
period of growth paian over a longer space than the | borne out in practice by the more permanent effects of | practical difficulties in pf Ө this syste: 
common varieties of Turnip. On this class of soils, | all manures on clays than on sands. If this pr орегіу, | neither few nor small. There can be no doubt, gs 
we do not obtain a corresponding increase either in 3 of clay soils was as strictly true as has bee pes that it is the most economical way in 
bei emi ; " 
bulbs ‚ тап 
beyond a very reasonable dose. I have found, if weak be altogether о оп ау к because the | is the most st perfec e here we have the proper perio 
is rule is not observed, our efforts to increase Me soluble manures would be as safe in combination | of applying m n our own hands. The effects of 
e crop are about as ineffectual as the attempt with the mineral н аз 8 iMi be in the this evil iod. L have already been attended with 
to pour a quart of liquid into a ра bottle. Оп | carbonaceous matrix of vegetable substances. But I | astonishing results ‘on Grasses crops. In 
_these soils, however, we can raise much larger crops by | am afraid this supposed property of re has already | our moist climate ‘this system may prove too good 
rich farm-yard manure driven at once out of the boxes | been carried much too far, inasmuch as relay дыл to be | for cereals, unless, perhaps, for the grosser habi 
“without being fermented, and starting the crop with a opposed by many well recogn maxims in Oat. I am sure we are i 
little artificial manure. Excellent Swedes and other | agriculture. Would any of you, on the faith ‘of this those who, through individual enterprise, are testing the 
Turnips, however, can be grown with guano alone on 3 3 at the ече moment, sulphate of | profitableness of what appears so rational in theory. 
deep loams or clays, but оп light lands this does not ammonia to your Grasse nitrate of soda to your 
hold so truly. This difference in the required form of Wheats, however rich ум 1 might be in argilla- 
- pon according to the mechanical nature of the | ceous matter тї ote all the — га — і Review Eos 
soul, сап be very distinctly traced in our green at one e mont peste only spring ressings o ГЭД" 
crops, is seen in large enough 3 in the case of soluble manures w. cde mmended. s not in eon- ‘| On the present state of the Law of rco * 
Wheat. It does not pay to manure this erop on light soils | sequence of the pos which none in эч of Paupers in Scotland, By W. Р. Alison, -D- 
with guano, unless in very sparing quantities. The ive persevered liquid manure, that so very few farm Pp. 16. Dublin. Hodges an Smith. 
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btain its amm р In of Mr. P 
very diluted or carbonaceous form. I have experience | made tanks and erected pumps. It was always s found | and the Poor-laws” the attention of our readers was 
that on certain light lands my Wheat crops are some- газ guid manure had very little effect when — in | called to the evils which resulted from the law of settle- 
times better after a well-manured crop when the ter ; it was only the гб 1 applications that brought | ment and removal as administered in this country. In 
Turnips are all driven off the land, = ыа the crop — т virtues, эро” comfortable do we feel when | the little pamphlet, of which the title is above, 
i ight manui the чен system and drive it some facts relating to the Scotch Poor-law and its work- 
ground. А little rich manure in a а hile form is | all o in the de soit. state. I think practice will bear us ing are given, and they tend to show that the evils of 
often more efficacious on light lands than a larger | out, when we say that soluble manures will be more | removing paupers to the place in which they may be 
vmi in a more soluble state. Barley and Oats can, economically used on all soils at the growing seasons.|legally settled are not peculiar to England. g’ the 
ore, be raised by more evanescent manures than | As а strong instance of the truth of this теа І was | Scotch law it seems that а foreigner, that із an 
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eat, and these thus be grown where you | lately told by my only neighbour, who has persevered | man or an Englishman, — cope in any one parish in 
have no stable foundation of of fertility. сні it not been | for many years in driving out the drainings of — m ithout seeking relief, 
through a nterpretation of the demands of that the effects of this powerful manure w dies sf 
heat that the — 7 of it its being of so exhausting anature кине чен applied to the young layers of amare in 
has ‘That W or October, than in J r February. The 
t does require more ammonia | Septem rer 
to grow i te-sown Barley is evident, but Wheat 
ore T to its form than spring grains, and ment - roots, which, no doubt, store up the ' nourish- 
it cannot rx ce soil so much as these | ment in reserve for future use, but the later ones seem 
can do. at requin a fertility incorporated and pate ә — UG when the suspended action of 
gie] Vit үнө boil, thé effect of of constantly sustained | vegetation canno e them up. And, further, upon | accustomed to obtain work. 
