166 THE GARDENERS’ CHRONICLE, [Man. тә 
— т the reward offered to the first who , processes—pointing out their respecti ve advan 
ather ties, — . . рава Ade HUNC NP ei into that country. The spawn | disadvantages—and showing their practical — 
ation of which id at all ё times to constitute the lead- | was taken out in tanks with Valisneria, according to Mr. ap em rec sated that . rg ye Меш pe 
ing featu when we desire to effect an unison between | Warington’s system. S. Gurney, Jun., Carshalton, ve a ee маа а i d : сүнәр — т 300 e experiments, 
two vegetable organisms. This same law will be found = because most uniformly ml was Heres — 
to hold good even throughout all the animal world. t g test. The following combina , рер. е " | 
One word, therefore, in reference to this all-important Satie les. for : ee eee late сома favourable | 
article, the stock. to a nursery, a provincial one, Lichens, viz = pre „ ing matter sie о“ 
example, and ask the master or foreman, how| BOTANICAL, OF eee, b. 10.— The 2 resident d'or Se vent 
many, and what kind of stocks they use.for.* working" in the chair. The following papers were read: REA — . : 5 * -—: EE 
the different kinds of the above fruits on, and уор | Remarks on р Plants. Ву Cha ze €; Babing ^ [2T ind a Syt à moderate 
will seldom find that more than one is employed; M. A., F.R.S., Tbe author stated that nee the EM combinin i lements караит Дун, so d та, ae 
occasionally you may find two, but this is of rare publication of ае thir edition of 5 ae m of нала es oan ons eon жерк pps d 2 the kind ang 
occurrence. True, this or these make very pane у Botany, his e npe — N xe ral | amo : y T Ма combination 
ed trees, and for the time are quite suited t е | gr о ы, am her by the dis: ipt of new native A 
— ad. 4 urpose, whose tim, as a matter of e cad T finding that he had taken an erroneous ph den demon ONE the Rr however 
business, is to get rid of them as soon as he But view of them in that 5 Pa and that he purposes to give Є rent t one DAY opps o be m detail or results, 
how is it in after grow th, when Der juices are re hrought la series of papers to ‘the . Society, embody ying the results a esc nes i sof 
in closer approximation, and more thoroughly to c of h his paper he commence і 
mingle wie each other! I have heard it said, tha that with the genus — of which he described T. | abroad, 2 кка) nd — кон ocurable substitute fop 
* When Greek meets Greek, then comes the tug. - minus, T. car and T. saxatile. He considers | the Roccel ee е nt ice y becomin scarce, and 
war.” We haye the Muscle, the He s, the Bromp T. majus as no 8 species, but as being formed out | consequ vam he od, i ғ X commerce, haying 
and the Pear Plum, all very useful and valuable in wes of larger pic of each of these three species. ds sometimes fetch x 8 кабару no less than 
way ; but modern practice has P a fifth stock, gives revised characters, dwelling particular! 0002. per 2 iche o plants can be so ee y collected. 
ich, together with the use of one of. the four named, | presence or absence of leaves at the lower joinings of preserved as ary iae acida We 2 be 
will not only render the use of the others unnecessary, | the stem, the nature of the vaginal portion x сн petiole ole | dried, pulverised, a HG : diua 5 a bulk be an 
but at once give you clean, healthy, long-lived, and | with ыо ааа арре endages „ the direc the objection to transport, > ^ ole eM Matter 
fruit-bear aring trees, the treatment and culture of which Soie e of the petiole, and of the 8 * the may be collected in the way * alrea y mentioned, 
shall form the subject-matter of a future communica- pai and the form of the carpels. The next genus Ascending to the verge o eternal snows, and 
tion. A Gardener. which he called attention was Polygala, “of which he | descending to the ocean level—with a 
Protecting Wall Trees 1 / have adopted the эм eribed P. vulgaris, and its wian depressa ма diffusion Wt is co-extensive ers the surface ot 
— | "ey ith реф I first. make a rough oxyptera; P. calearea and P. uliginosa. He оче our earth, is ult to s "E where Lichens shall 
— ps f the [5 I intend to cover, and | that in tliis genus ee bon т oad to the not be adis There are "n ads of small rocky 
upon m this; place a laren flong Wheat straw. This in mich the leaves rranged, and to the 55 | Bieta in the boundless ocean, and there are sands 
done, I nail m" down with laths, so that no litter can caused by the “dierent lengths to which the stems | mi of barren rocky. coast and sterile mountain-range 
pe; then place my supports мич. the wall, and | extend each paper will appear in the in every part of the world, which, though at present 
the e covering upon them, which, if jndicionaly Annals of Natural History and the Society's Trans- | unfit to bear any of the higher members of the vegetable 
— ill be found to admit plenty of light, an at the | actions. 2. On the Dyeing Properties of Lichens. By kingdom, yet are carpeted and adorned with a rich 
exclude much frost. G. Bundy, i 1802/8 W. L. Lindsay, M.D.—At a former meeting Dr. | covering of Lichens, and of those very species, too, 
0 W. 
d duri e e l : ру s f as most prolifi 
blos at an of the аба: 8 to Europe.— The he had bee N en ngaged in occasional ces in colorific maim: I esprit faic en s that 
+ 
E 
tory " у 
« Cloister woe Charles V. a — be interesting to piv ome and ae а the subject d dies dyeing | enumerated would ultimately result in a greatly more 
d om Tunis he is said to have brought | propert le Ж 4 chiefly 2 pied ‘is a d ө: extended use of the Lichens as dye-agents. What ren- 
not onip the * of his Асино but the pretty flower | Seda eo ей a. their ‘application to | ders it very probable that efforts in this direction are 
called Indian Pink, sending it from the African shore to the dyein у &e., by the Miu ighlanders, likely to meet with success is the great similarity of 
his garden in Spain — time it won its way into under the OK ы ot " Crottles.” The pro us dE mind- species found all over the world. It has been 
garden in Europe. Yuste was a very | facture of the various crottles gen ау. consisted i in | noticed that the European. species, which, of con are 
for these simple tastes aud harmless pleasures. macerating the powdered = chen for two or three weeks, | best еч differ little from those of North А merica. 
he Emperor spent part of the summers in embellishing in stale urine, exposing the mass freely to ik wc by ране ert Brown remarked the same fact with regard 
4 : 3 : f M 4 = 
| ding lime, salt, alum | c | 
terrace on which he placed a fountain, and laid out а | laceous and other sima A either to heighten the|the similarity in natives of the South American 
Mn beneath it be formed a second parterre, | colour or impart consistence. Solately as m: (and itis| Of a large collection mie by Professor Royle: 42 
ted like the first with flowers and Orange trees. | presumed the practice continues to the present day) Mr. ewe, Don pronoun r every one to be 
gst poultry were some Indian fowls, sent him | Edmonston stated that, of four or five Mite dyes, used | identi al with European eee m examining . | 
by the Bishop of Placencia. He. also caused a couple by the Shetlanders to colour cloth and yarns, two at raw vegetable products, sent by diferent connie? 
of fish-ponds to be formed with the water of the adjoin- | léast were furnished by Lichens, viz., a brown dye from | the Great Exhibition of — I am satisfi that, even 
ne meets and stored one of them with trout and the | Parmelia saxatilis, under the name of “Scrottyie,” and | now, there are many fields open for the E 
Mapa i is wi rom ra ] 
8. ; 
reasonable prospect of passing many years.“ Dadma m of Lich he stated: “Our untaught senses from almost every — Er the een including o our own 
Adulteration of Guano.—On ie last the filing should ае lead us to expec t the. гүз эң whose | young colonies; and as a 
conversation took place in a Norwood omnibus, betw llus exhibits the brightest i to yield the finest | value, I may intro uce here the copy of a note aj 
the iet famo i colour simi a eim lla the às 
ep 
20001. for it. © Pray,” says the gentleman, “how much | the greatest abundance by the жәл; species from which а. "Айб abundant on ме bills around (аш) 
did уой make of your loam for 1% e pro-|we s| east expect to derive any, viz., in those most | and might be made an nen й s 
prietor said, * Т cleared 2000/. by it, and pg tes | devoid of external colour. This, though at first sight 
easily cleared 10,000/., had not some. scoundrel exp very remarkable, is easily explicable, when we remember 
itin the Gardeners’ Chronicle ; why, I had 1400/. for | that, in most of the so-called dye-Lichens, colorific prin- | tatement 1 
d,” say ial was | ei i only ye con- 
much better for the farmer, as the real guano only|verted into coloured substances under a 
1 the crops" This 1 place is now а combination of circumstances. Some үү» Meere 
garden. Dulwich: e olouring pcne ready forme d, and these 
" Value of Coppice ЧЕ reed mna given us, at | th int of the thallus of the paws, ч р become 
les d and particularly | Ch or Pari arietinie) Mid ie На | Ev. 
e to and fe aid i in 8 vulpina. In other Dm | or. 
we find principles whieh, while in the plant, and 
I b E ett lourless, bu 
the 
had | influence of atmospheric air, water, and ammonia, yield 
| грд substances. This series of coloured ee is | 
aecount bt мшш identity, under the pi pa 
Orceine.” “It is highly probable,” meee r- Lindsay, 
that when the M S stry rtr doa 
y studied, and the whole anak of 3 ba ri 
and produets better understood, we shall begin to reduce 
the present confused mass of complex substances, and 
ut 88 qe F through | & 
different Lichen spe Another section of the paper | € 
arious tests of | 
proceed on the о ot por. the colouring 
matter by phos. conjunction with the decom- 
posing action of екта деч oxygen and water ; ot! 
1 và 0 товони the colorific 
2 neiples of Fai а of the dye Lichens, and some of 
* Ne Ta js ў gi on our зача chemical re-agents.” The author noticed 
x i Helot' 
imi nik, of Trout to Noii e eee the зур) Westring У stosta, jen 
four or five rr ашаа 4. Stenhouse 
artificial breeding of trout in the Wandle. About two 
inci 
Helot’s test consists in уен тін the AMA and | Paul. It 
wdered „Lichen for a few hours at a temperature | way i jut the book for i E 
4 › in a 8 of ammonia, sufficiently A small х луй of Vanity Fair, neatly got ; ho 
