266 
THE AGRICULTURAL GAZETTE. 
[APRIL 93, 
yet be addaced as the engineering of the great іп the the county selected 
earliest ages. 
If we Siler to Roman history we shall find t 
the other 8 
us — The attemp by 
oporic,; then laid dormant until 
V nd 
no less tha 
withou 
now К —.— de Celan 
vated a — — — in ee part 
through a e 
‘Te 
arliest perio 
9 to 
mployed 
of all rivers, a — — abs — as Venice, even of 
springs and rain, are —— as — in the 
vernment; and water is тул тте? bought and 
+ ndeed, the аала 
КРЕ 
a 
e 
S 
R 
ES 
= 
E 
my—they invented “з нс ар меси the 
first navigable canals that were 
hat, | parison which 
Commonwealth, the 3 that are desir 
ing the great thi 
in 
tive cone of large — small h 
ni- 
. wt only for the pais uns nes ДЕ} its 
y would, of cau favou e to Ane au bat 
agement We h 
“should be divisible into 
finite and characteristic sub-districts, the com. 
will -furnish agricultural 
ed. N i 
| intermingled : the 
arms, the alluvial the smaller, the former being 
of the locality im proved. To effect thi із object, with the re 
re — toy one к — has Joos n recog! vt Testrictions 
that the works to be e есе ted : shal l be 
— of — — % 
naran wate 
dra 
„у „ W. 6 N 
а e om ofi iron — or ear ene "and 
UM of the. works cds be confined t s thatthe 
rain 
the din ^ ерш, 
x —— of the out Siy drains” will be 
ered, o drains of ci — cuts, 
r under ат socket 
i f ea к. he li Pion fear of die- 
sition of each outfall drain, with za 
will serve, w pere "ders t тросі infe 
— may be 0 
rner of the — called the Isle ae Axholme, 
Yom the subdivision E ihe land is almost of Irish 
comminution. If o ished to compare the rela- 
аі ngs, no county 
ve his purpose better than — — or 
are е: the — of 1000 and 2000. acres wem Ws 
make these statements on one of the best authorities 
esti: ни этне in its agricultural as- 
at they i vcn agreater fit- 
of that county forthe proposed expe- 
ean be proved of any other English 
ounty. Add to this "hat Lincolnshire — high 
t which 
also for their — and ability, so that t 
ee — зап ‘from any other part: ofthe king- 
no: тте an dirlo thing. 
nd 
cultural — would probably come Е fim o 
A nying pl 
in the appended, abstract, —— stimates 
outfall works and subordinate dra mig те! lating to each area in 
the order of the r M direction of 
tfall d taken rto follow as straighta 
th. 
ip Ma m domes est ground withi p 
willadmi n determining the d of the ain outfal 
regard has been ‘had to * adaptation t — men a — 
e as will secure the u ical depth 
2 M kir g | for the healthy TIS vu vegetation; and 
n uce e s": re of t e water kc нт ї 
Will be e and Qo MEE 
of wa ater fig ———— 
W. 
while v 17 2.4 per cent. passes through 
e rfa 
compared M 
chaps imaging, in the velum of the 1 
750 tons from every contributing acre-of I; this is not 
hie of the miller's loss by the present un N 
of the an alle ey. It is manifest that the proportion. бе the rain fall 
кеге хана and many co 9 
shire aut ‘Norfolk, — should 
y would let our readers rs generally 
know what 
counties 8 
As to the e of the district = be examined 
being made up of severa Mise 
is el on this subject, in the two open 
its way « out again vat lower.lev. 
flow r the 
d by rendering t : 
nt by. drainage, and M it to o yield up 15 
er find 
th 
pas ше oe stream. . 
two sources of 
the whale. surface 197 the valley are — in every year; — 
It may ғ be. » fairly assumed “that trom thes 
nches of w 
known rope. agricultur — ter, we ret oe — т— 12 inches of water covering an acre of land are equal 
The general prineiples aem... galled the: Italians | if we had, they ould be-se est by the example | 101° umber 2200 tons dt this quantity репице M ME 
in their Mon ai well enunciated in an essay on | оѓ the Highland Society, which has divided its | extraordir y amount of f fall or indination of surfare 5 b 
embankments, ИНЕ b ооб теи z; hydro- | counties in a similar manner to that recommended. piv E —.— ^ di А be formed of the magni- 
tothe Grand Роке of Tuscany, at the close | In their original statement, "EMT d to the Presi- | tion, and to 5 the ee of ES oe 
of last pute. He says inhabitant in ме dent of the Board of Trade, in Mareh 1852—the | teen Scat e the — m c ч main outfall drains has 
vicinity of rivers notice greatest | directors speak of the рор ‘of forming рне P ^ nn инна йан ze may lower 
overflowings they т ~ surface of the ground into groups, with reference to their agricultural 5 —.— by some ne fow. —— — € tho valley hat 
wer os and — — orm nive Meis eme e in * anner as to associate under one the d water meadows, vL mos iy Ж еи 7 
Carey prism orm and small height, t еу officia cy a certain number of contiguous e 
could with ease neat the great floodings, and pre- parishes e 3 1 t — —— ve detto 3 
serve their land dry. For rain water they e — — features, by a like system of farming, and the removal of ita anon will render the land . This 
Я C 
tunnels which | paaa the plains, conveying it similar pr > d point t this welicestablished facta Sereen aa — — “ge —— 
into the sea. Т he plains contiguous to many has beet aaron so that in Haddington county (Meadows in England are those possessing: an. — pores 
rivers were и at first b » in tirel di n Ro i subsoil—the water Tétained within or upon the surface of the 
E a g en ыа six distri xburghshire six, and i ther- soil beyond a certain period is: injuri to vegetation, hat: 
them. In e the early pa — fur а аге Refined, with separate enu- | circulation of water through the soil is as essen 
——ů insuficient, эм ones were rs for each; and correspondents, one in each vater in cirenl 'eiroulation of water over the ground. “And 
— : =: g the artificially Moe] | — under "Abe enumerators. We shall here- ticularly), not only carr eee ee — 1 ie leat 
eS ie nel, as t vus coast. бая роп after lay before our wees г» Гой nail the oignal oyna life, and diffuses throughout its depth tlie essentials of 
waist M n statement of the director: an exceedin ngl Poire 
| annuall al Grasses; and 
NC 2 diminution i in the à ‘desi ity of ce and well —.— pee —— and its xr IE — — — 
beds; again floodin Plains, a in i 'acti the principal cause o tor f those inferior and sour 
. loss of Eds — ensued. М ен апі атна іп ће ce Grasses which pervade the valleys. ^ 
one time the people were Prepossessed in fav ubi RA 5 And here it may be observed that there is, perhaps; no con- 
su national ngs. side of : 
of such embank: ts Fog th : eration of more importance to the-agriculturist than this. Itis 
-hrook.-iesming fa — e Моё, iu scarcely Ex cde been e await a AREE opinion from val nea — — аП the water: keen the 
: : empio those of our readers who have presen thus. far Valens is exceedingly coarse, sour, that 
‘Grasses of the landsare al 
themselves immediately im confining i on both the remarks that have been made on che subject. | there is not . — ж inferior а 
ides jet 
-sides till - — another this | 5 — the the instalment to repair the eost óf 
"was -eleva above t e the improvement, The herbage of th des 
вене ee ihe fields, even THE DRAINAGE OF THE TEST AND ANTON | Produce of siaguant Water is the great source, when. 
, i А X ris, z y meat stock; 
and ‘thus not only. the hill waters, batallthe fer. f pa ee ee the yi pra ache does mot, Summand tc ibinia thos у 
tilising «subs niece oe orwarded to us a copy of the report by upland hay, errem. do ag of the main outfall 
, 7'|Messrs.: j ; В drains, which. { lessen 
|, 1 and H. Drake, engineers to the they rise from. the. outfall, and inj — becomes 
Land om of the contributory: 
А pany, of the plan proposed for the le considered th s a capability of. ane 
improvement of district situated in these valleys, — fall per month will be quite adequate to any serviee that 
mow injured Dy stagnant vater nd imperet drainage! ЕЛ 
аме i it ma — 18 | quantity of water lifted by s ower per snails ойи 
ani on, rves attention; an we — Now, it is important to observe that in i f fe 
y upon our readers. "The diffi iffieulty | drainage —— . n О bo impervions; andir um 
arising out of the the conflicting en geet he M се ihe on lands, — — E т та а aran the la 
ncreasing an landown n the prese and has, | may be pg esent 1 peculiariti 
it appears, considerably — * * — added | of the ‘Tost o o ЧЫ — y * VU 5 falling 
d ma 8 expense. Refer m h to — теч Sain ray кта poeta stas sock, an ш 
atest: it and to general principle on which extensive works th ase meee m * сара in in the 
на аве comae i drain ust be based in the flowing extract from € Sed = — — average "b i of water 
) int панич vicis sll fae Whichuen can at present fin ng Из та — e several sonrees referred 
тазе наф — 3 greate 2 m.] to, to be three times greater than that of the fens, we have taken 
* з greater energy it possesses | "92 iTo bav: on di seven inches per acre, or 25,740 cubic feet, to be the maxima 
greater excavating power to maintain a clear channel. the whole Aer imer without regard to any miner or — о — it is necessary the ouifall “rain 3 
ki ^ next glimpse shall be at the works of this | considerations, would have occupied much = time.and appl 6-10ths of a епіс foot 8 2 A All * 
in Holland, where we shall find 55 cation than tbe кес егу with every 2 objeetion anion capable of discharging this quantity, while the greater 5 
g Wan а оо i che В SAME | successively presented itself in a locality where a large will be found of dischargin one enbic foot per aer 
Я — B formation of artificial | tion of the proprietors bave not sed their assent to any | minute, or Wowie: DS jen 
channels and Where internal drainage. pes иреге th rights of in —— to any €— ste y double the — озеш 
1 ' | inviol: where it is desi 1 of 1 adoption of bicl 
Е осе Company of рын outfalls through tee Mug pk will imperfect and —— es Sie йу 
iud perties sha i be. at p — : 1 on 
"Lin "a э reasons stat we belie strict пе ith these remarks we have only to state шей by Cn out th — айса ноор open 
colnshire would serv ter than — Ar that the objeet has been ai nthe p | п throughout each area, by welt the Pore: 
the scene 4. the inten ertet: statistical experime s —— the lowering of the water table now constantly si ‘the. — may be kept ope n, pent-up waters released, and spr 
Нана. e obicet shout ы ak — . d of the assenting pri confined, to, and ise by, channels. ` 
j tom B the roni prie depth of 4 feet below the depend on tht 
of the За present. nied of the subordinate will necessarily | 
P useful Кызы urally as possible ; and to this end | 5; — its productiveness may be inereased, the | nature of the soil. In stiff clays we recommend agi r 
- water by evaporation F under-draining by drains vary g from 30 to 45 feet apart, 
