564 THE 
GARDENERS’ CHRONIC 
LE. [SxPr. 3, 
upon the duration of life in plants propagated other- 
8 to which com- 
wise than e qu 
5 dad address themselves may be thus freely 
translated :—“ Is the ty of an дау кеу бы plant, in its 
say, of a plant itself raised 
from seed and then 8 otherwise by 
seed (by ings, layers, buds, grafts, &c.), 
unlimited in duration, and destructible only by acci- 
dental or external unfavourable circumstances, be- 
fore the extinction of the s s 8 85 1 5 hil. 
life of such individual limited, and t ertain | 
definite extent shorter than dd гайте of the 
species 
Com itota are expec 
any unpublished cases, бе fullest — € pe^ d 
tion and examination of published facts relating 
to the degeneracy or total extinction o dling 
d more se its cul- 
tivated in Europe, viz. Apples, Pears, Quinces, 
Medlars, s, Cherries, Apricots, Peaches, 
ch the 
received, so far as these can affect the 
given to the question, — any eee relating to 
them which cau be fou 
It is announced that the essays for rs prize may be 
written in 3 rene Italian, or 
Latin, and must be de livered before в Ist of 
arch, 1854, to Dr. Nxxs еск, the w. 
ident of che ee of f Naturalists en Breslau. 
ach essay m motto prefixed, and in — 
ftps the name of the 
“the result © ‘the award — y м 
made n in onpla of the 
17th Jute: 1854, pst the tui essay will be 
i Transactions of the Academy Nature 
Curiosorum. Full particulars will be found in the 
ligem ps eine за. for the 30th July, of the 
Ф 
A 
those of А міс must [^ considered as highly cor- 
8 and ee 
figured hei has 
been — in ques ion ы скы ча ners "Cir nil —— 
p.582), w reality pycnidia 
mycologists wht still doubt the intimate 
of the Oidi 
the —— 
8 
cnidia produced by a transformation of the j join 
n P y 
the oss Ys threads, but there are so ca 
anomalies — these curious 3 that 
e ought not to be unreasonably startled by slight 
—— "We annex а copy of a portion of Amici’s 
plate. M. J. B. 
——— 
cmo ose i OF сря зуе TREES. 
(Continued from p 
Tree Guards. —— proprietors »" the pese time- 
go to the expense of posts, two, three r four of which 
they join together with er Th is is авы 
ably the best mode of pro - ting the trees 4. фе 
an but it is not al where adopte 
laces guards are employed that i сте more than they 
nany case maintain 
= 
be confined to a ent accumula f evidence, | With the view of preserving them мач the shock of 
and to the conclusions which it renders necessary, | axle: т s’ collars, &c., the s of the young 
We e say the proposal l find ndents Apple trees which are in tilled — S mple 
among men of leisure who have access to large and closely twisted round wi w to the height 
libraries, and we venture И 1 7 7 that they will be of 4} feet. The bad eff , » Which in 
able to SM so yexed ubject. We tru ust they nowise prevents the trees from being thro 0 en 
will take . д dme занои o ra. get a м shock, are to ca strangulations of 
natural 3 with that of Ramen mules, which the: sitem, Gat ra EN deprive.it of ee 
isa rd different questio 
u 
London), а whioh he has d 
fruit as ced а the — on so peculiar 
: for his lan 
ihe mame o of ¢ Plon ae referrin — e 
young bark ; and lastly, b h the straw covering 
arious insects that are hurtful to vegetation breed in 
N | perfect security. 
ning Trees,—Many Apple trees, — in the 
fields, lean to one side from the effec of the wind ; 
and in our of the country they lea * uch over 
| from the west, that a stranger, if he were lost, could find 
the right ti erely looking at the stems of 
these tr The majority of them have been th 
aside for want of a guard, to which they 
ht have fixed, or the tree might have 
side rer to the direction of the 
cable to th wel cmm mes is rm 
tion, and makes 
eable to th 
m 
veter 
Modes of keeping the Fruit.—If th 
— depends on — fitness of the ы ae а" 
уе temperature 
* жы. T 
cattle 
many indi 
» being bg 
pried T of the jule, especial] ө“ ted, 
keep longer than кшш Шү ripe. The 
consequence is, that wet aig or the desti of 
t, and no one, I cae 
mig been been | but 
kept M УЫ by means "of some sods piled latte the 
ts of 
: e resu 
new Yédesiribet -ye genu (Botan, 
Zeitung, 1853, p. 10) It a yee i that the 
early stage of every hat of Oi четкен 
in structure with that of fo ым 
ever, a Necessary conseq ence that th 
autonomous species 0 f Oidinte, , and a — 
had iscovered i in the Vine — there was 
no hesitation in нне it immediately to the ана 
Oidium, when it w t named O. Tuckert 
ure of the Hop mildew — 
Dr. meae at the 
‘and пот 
тофт 
announcement, the original of which is as follo: 
Samen und hb t 
gufattig pmd е äußere 
cies ſelbſt erlöſchende. 
— ы bet poe der Species innerhalb 
untergeordnete? 
. co a | 
et ift biefelbe eine | 
beſtimmter 
the гар to no profit, but, on 
of the head of the 
to uncover these 
t re 
originate, and then 2 them off close, so that they may 
n 
not again spring up; but this is not the usual way of 
most. careful pass a spade between the stem of 
е | the tree and the ол ылда * striking vigorously, they 
y breaking 
suck 
the cows an р. 
In arable r bruise 
— —— 1 ollas of horses, i&c., are of 
ause the ground is worked as 
dm in order to have less to dig. 
the 
er еннай nstead of waiting ti 
ou 
b | cold. 
s and tearing of the bark b 
h , part of this 
blooming plants, 
es n of 
his case we A heap with i 
affecting the Apples, b covering e T 
of stra g fro ay to ^ es in th ickness, 
again covered with, dn p such as wagi 
Ke. This simple а and. «алу ДЕ ection MX 
nor рту but it is too seldom 
will not continue 
tmen 
= oes trictur 
of whieh e enumer 
Alc ы 
„ме think that we ^P 
nse, аз we shall endeavour 
(To be continued.) 
— — 
. 
IAS orit 
. for the most part, snp ir 
which are 80 mi 
nl 
SP 
— shaken, — эйе ^ a person in the tr 
one on the with a hooked ck, và are often 
not | 
spri 
tie ut by k 
or 
z and early — m oath oar 
e early winter 
