42—1853. | IHE GARDENERS’ CHRONICLE. “661 
should not be put together which devour each other. | best, because, by that mode, each tree is equi-distant another d Stake atter 
Crabs, especially the common -— very destruetive; from its neighbours, and each has an equal portion of | an indefinite period, without forming correct lines, if a 
d rock ter | ai i it i 
if 
so are gobies, blennies, an -fish. The sea-water | air and light; it is also the best for lining in all direc- | w rinci been in starting. 
should 8 kept of a proper gravity. It should be 1.026 tions. The rectangular mode of planting (Fig. 2) is only veil cosh дар to save time . 9 ue — 
at a temperature of 60°. Rain or distilled water should | fit for avenues. The quineunx t is based on | make sure ing out the w satisfactorily, the 
be added from time to time to supply any loss. All] an equilateral triangle, at each angle of which a tree is following will prove very useful. : 
dead animal or vegetable matter of any kind should be | planted. To trace out on the the lines for the} I. The di C P between the lines A D, C E, being 
removed.— Dr. Daubeny stated that he had erected | quincunx, which must not be confounded with the given to find the distance A D between the trees in the 
some fresh-water tanks at Oxford; but the difficulty | rhomb, we first form a base line by means of poles, or | line A D 
which he had to con with was Con- | with a line ; on this line pegs are fixed at the places 
the growth of А Вуз 
егуге, which interrupted the growth of the other plants. | where we intend to plant, at the distance determined on SFE aA, .—( Tile тойма enn 
—Dr. Walker-Arnott stated that he had no doubt the say at 42 feet. In order to mark out the second line 4CP* —3AB* 
reason why the green sea-weeds answered better than | we take two measures, each 42 7 placing the end Hence the rule: multiply the square of the distance 
g in the first line, as at C P by 4 and divide the product by 3; the quotient 
lan ‚5; | the square А В. 
brown and red sea-weeds also had а much denser tissue | we then bring the two measures together at their other | C P add one-third thereof, the sum is the square of A 
externally than the green sea-weeds, and did not grow | ends and a peg is put in at the point where they meet,| 2. The distance of the trees in the line A D being 
so fast, atc. The three pegs thus form an equilateral triangle. | given to find the perpendicular distance C P between the 
On a Method of Accelerating the Germination of Seeds, | This operation is repeated at the other end of the first | lines A D, C 
by В. Huxt.—The process consisted in covering ine, and the two pegs last put in give second line, th 3, 
germinating seeds with glass coloured blue with cobalt, | which is then filled Pic the first with pegs, 42 feet | duct by 4 ; the quotient is the square of CP. Or 
The author read a letter from the Messrs, Lawson, in apart. The whole o ground being thus marked out, | the square of A B subtract one-fourth thereof, the re- 
which they stated that by allowing seeds to germi in Fi Each tree is equi- | mainder is the square of C P. [R. T.] 
under blue glass, they had succeeded in raising a larger | distant from the six adjacent trees surrounding it, which | It will be readily observed from the annexed diagram, 
number of seeds in a given time as well as producing | cannot be the case either in the rectangular or in the | that in square planting, a tree neither is nor СЕ 
germination іп a shorter time. oblique square form. сап be at an equal distance from all those which sur- 
@ 
0 
= 
Е. 
E 
8 
zm 
EE 
+ 
T 
З 
5 
= 
ga 
(To be continued.) ; ; ts wij) round it; and that when four trees tll their 
ote.—In the Quincunx mode of planting, it will , grow 
sometimes happen that the distance between the rows branches cross each other on four opposite there 
MANAGEMENT OF CIDER APPLE TREES. : ы is at suites mb — a space elsewhere 
ontinued from page 629. rom DE ат Ыы gi unoceu ween 
Finat PrawTING.— Considerations relative to the Soil mies „„ P. di To mark out the holes, we takea of cord, at 
Situation, Aspect, Distance between the Trees, Choice of p, as "ir UM one end of which we make a orn) dert a peg 
Varieties, &c.— The soil t fi ble to the prosperit Р =ч. K, where a tree is to be planted, and then fastening a 
of cider fruits is one consisting of clay, sand, and car- hey ы ча k^ pellis л. pointed peg on the other end of the line, at the distance 
bonate of lime in nearly equal proportions ; yet they б jie eam uel ы of теті т. Аер Vis huis, vo tubus diis with 
will grow in any land that is not very barren, Flinty вх. NE b ond the pointed peg, which eirele is the circumference of 
¿lays suit the Apple; its fruit in such is of very good bi du d йа the hole. It is — to make the holes some 
quality ; the Pear likes a deep, moist soil.. ети A ы?" time before planting, and to leave them open, во that 
The most convenient place for the establishment of a V the ‘earth may benefit by the action of the air. This 
cider orchard is near the homestead, When we can Pos Y. Bal W operation should always be performed in dry weather ; 
€hoose the aspect, a south one is to be preferred in cold z^ eii t аец 6 each kind 4 be laid in a separate heap at 
lands, bu w re suitable in light and eL al Kis! LV RU ad NL side of the hole, and so as not to interfere with the 
dry ones, although in situations open to the west, the an . * 2 oM N lines of the ion ; that is to say, the earth should 
wind from that quarter often proves injurious to the : в ЖЫ ау et M be laid in the four angles formed by the crossing of the 
trees. We should avoid planting too many fruit trees I M Е я two principal lines, and not in the direction of those 
ї le bstacl t lti- nan 71 . T. . „ ines. ^ 
vith aad ‘zene ме ойе bruised sà .... , in the Holes Where the soi is light, we may 
excoriated by the implements ; yet this does not prevent of er Ва з NT - in em ims со м before nee 
them from p ing better there than in ore ue E сї: MR d eti | owever, ferent clayey 
that are not cultivated; but this is t the H pile ы, [por 4 9 ; soils, z the of planting ( and 
— and stirring of the an Ж, A В, ч % DM. — Zu generally — the — — oe J 
th — somal — ^: the burn < Pi т.) ve i ТД; x Pi rem a sort of in which it would be improper 
wi o erops e burning е: М a ^ 
rays of the sun ; and also because they do not usually o. dO EN «ў to plant ; w ing in conical heaps on thé 
any derable size, But in strong clay lands, 64 —.— * sides of the hole, it is never saturated with wet, it dries 
planting in the cul in . an . quickly, and becomes as much divided as its nature will 
roads boun oe "2 ae TRE U We h t tt 
There, 2 in perasaan — shading d C, C „Э Kind of soil until the very day in which uu , 
is avoided, because the alimentary products and fodder "i M o SE at In order to form a drainage in the — in 
are more to be than the produce e ye WP, clayey itis proper to put in the bottom ы 
п these cases the Apple trees are generally С uae Brambles, i or other — hee Ан 
from 50 to 65 feet apart, very rarely so close as 40 feet. an p d OR sometimes old plaster конне, more VE Dene puiver- 
Planting good land too closely only causes a loss a pat cits ae „covering it with turf if it сап be got. These not 
wi i The first is greater ; there mene y ate „е only facilitate the eseape of water, but they also 
is a marked diminution in the under crops ; and the bg Pd bp. te Y : 
trees depriving each other of air and light at their sides, 2 1 FP 
do not Me m а DOM Mm the FiG.1.—PLANTATION IN QUINCUNX. regn n x mould, * * Pes eth which 
to the namber and size of the es. 1 | cunning parallel to A D is determined; and sometimes | jg above also settles a sixth or а tenth part of its thick- 
$ ection varieti the distance of the trees in t rows, as is fixed. | ness, allow. be for these ci 
"M flourish pest in the locality va de o ача It is necessary to know, from having one of these dis- in planting, otherwise the tree will eventually sink too 
the best cider are to be preferred. 2d, Trees that ripen | tances given, how to find exactly the other. We must low, and it is always better to plant too high than too 
their fruit at the same time should be planted together. Ə P ; ? 9 low, because the roots strike down — — -— 
3d, which have tender flowers or that blossom | ап they come up to the ‚ме gr Án o be di 
— should ee erum in 9 reruma waag an ! mes dee — earth 4:36 20 rik 
otherwise rom , ^ inches i 
frosts. 4th, We should — the die of roads and | ^ : diameter should be ме. undisturbed м» — 
sable land with varieties, the of which grow ч y : the hole. mound is brought down -— " 
ich i the tree, and the 
upright, and not with those which it is intended to 1 Я 
ion of the Soil, —Trenching the whole of the pie л ы Met EE | wood and earth are then | 8 
ground to be planted would be a very ^ 1 x | nor tree will participate іп the sinking 3 
tion, at least for orchards, as it would allow the roots to 2113 RR Ven ee sede takes place. (To be continued.) 
spread readily in all directions; but „ ee, daca ре РИ лла 7 
so far apart, this w prove very ex N GNE T М Pi : 
Sive. The holes should be broader than dee as . e op Й . : ч 
wide at bottom as they are at top. They should not / „ bac. Кл ts, a ef e vate 
be less than 64 feet in diameter. The depth should vary a z SED — well 
; i the : i ^ Ё ted Holly shows that plants pretty 
from about 2 feet to 2 feet 8 inches, according to * AN УХ / their illness. I in the age of the tree, 
ee ee ped porary M FC 4 ет итп Deere foot from the 
deep hole in land having a bad subsoil, because N E А т : 
bole being of course filled with good soil the roots would / M " Y — nde —— . 
rere idp e Wewap cem TIRE BE о 4 feet 1 — — 14 — 
would then aA 5 1 H 2 „2251: 1 x y A / pe E em 2 ^ 
sides of a vase; and in consequence of this the tree VVV — it had 11 * wae ents, ui 
Would stop growing, and а progressi w maigi 
— — deeply silanted it ts very 3 
ficult for chem to reascend to the игит, In Q- o 
grounds, ect to inundation, it is | 
is make the holes deep, and to Al them almost entirely | 
"P with chalk lumps, or small stones ; thorns are laid 
Ой these, then earth, or turf, with the grassy side down- ! A 
wards, so that the lowest roots of the trees are nearly = pi 
ов а level with the surface of the The foot of 
the tree is surrounded with a or mound of | repeat the word exact 
arth, of the same diameter as the hole, and of sufficient | contain as many as 50 trees, 
thickness ; this is formed with the earth previo P, should be only M. 
thrown out of-the hole. In order to prevent the sides | even ws, would be two feet out of their right position. 
“уе Mound from slip ing, it is well to cover it with turf. could easily 
: an orchard is to be planted, d , K 
many rows, the quincunx arrangement is always the ! were, in consequence, put quite as much out of line in 
