THE 
GARDENERS’ 
CHRONICLE. 
by some chance 
by omie seems to be 
find their way to the spores of 
all that is required to 
we cannot give better 
from the second 
m po of Britis 
1 ems," in which = ate am und woodcuts 
җик — phenomena of their ‘fertilisation, as 
itis now u 
“The жалга ‘chiefly necessary for the ger- 
mination of Fern spores те, sufficient heat and 
abundant moisture ; Bett is to say, a calm mois 
ied by the degree of бей proper 
Those which inhabit cold climes 
ies of tem- 
perate regions are 
in a greenhouse ; and ra i aen Nec. should be 
placed in a hothouse way of 
managing them is the flowing T^ Halt fill — 
shallow wide-mouthed pots with broken crocks, a 
on this put a layer of cae 2 inches of turfy nt 
soil and mellow loam, mix xed with soft sandstone, 
broken in small lumps of the size of Peas; this 
compost should p be much wishes Ne ext, 
or brush very gently over a sheet of white 
cag a Алада of the species to be propagated ; the 
fine dust thus liberated consists of the 
spo ar in 5 or me quantity, intermixed more 
8. 
side for 
cmo гана removed, the pev still being 
retained under a hand-glass. After eek or t 
ey may en up, 3 th aad 
ted singly in small 
. blished, then gradually inured to the degree of 
exposure proper for the mature plants. Fern spor 
riads on the soil, or on 
Aoki dispersed as 
Ir the 
Tnécvr, Hartie, and others, of the formation of the 
. wood and young bark be correct, it follows that the 
‚ тооп so strongly ined AUDICHAUD of 
the descent o y fibres from the buds cannot 
be true. As, however, active vegetation certainly 
has a downward course, and there is 
1 the growth of the plant and the number of 
he leaves, it be received as an apt illustra- 
tion, though must be n not to push it 
beyond its limits as such, 
zd ker opted the following mode of ascer- | 
tain en eas the ia Oed bu produse о of 
wi 
igorous Pine tree, 50 feet high. p 12 inches t thick, 
. Was deprived o es to , 80 
in form an 
thi 
explanations which have ae given by | оп thi 
the time of pruning, the number of leaves was con- 
ео increasing, the growth was at its minim 
the fifth year ; deese the comparatively сай 
e th of form ust have depended on the 
unm consumption of stores already deposited. 
el. 3 
; nsufficiency of the matters already xm 
up for the normal completion even of the firs 
year ring. 
. It is worthy of remark, then, in a ring only 
three яй Бызда, tlie di vidual cells were unaltered 
* 
in 
es plac The s sap e elaborsted i in the leaves in its 
course 5 undergoes various changes accord- 
delay of a : Thi is doubtless the c the 
Bos dx magazines теша y ase in the starting 
TTT 
mpen 
germin nation their contents are em : co the subsequent t 5 в the trees we ae 
in trying to diver e sap irom eu pe branches 
dissolution of the 5855 ula in t the = endin oe е ap ^ into the lower, or in Se nular ineisions in order 
жеу © esi e sap ages по ascen roug’ | to cause Leder eyes to s ttention is chiefy 
the beth дыз organs; but along the woody fibres, | necessar Aitai a verae between the parts o 
and can = enis т qum its Pr ah, mucilage, Ee tree by means of pinching the shoots that are grow- 
and gum xchan t passes by. And this ing too vigorously, and » иеде... = в | 
vil pro niuis ра dor its not аА the neces- | weak. A tree thus managed may fruit in the four 
ary stren ves the pro 3 ion of e till it yea instance, a Pear tree e in the autumn 
oa the mit, The growt d of 1850, and pruned in M h 1852, would have formed 
therefore, at the uds ind ра asses downwards ; гт" ranches іп the summer of that same year, 
sa - ending sap makes its way by the tiu 1852. Being eut been 
of. the Sr and cribbled pores of the bast, 
е rhet these to the medullary т zi e whence 
and liber. 
c | the leaves and shoots, depends main ly ‘on the stores 
laid up in the preceding year. 
pae NEWLY-PLANTED FRUIT TREES. 
ame year in which they are Pie thinking that 
by leaving them entire — Me will take bet 
m m 
rative merit. et the proceeding itself is little known, 
d in general thé publie is not informed of the eg od 
option, no о! 
made va reg rd to this s 
he 
E. eso at some length, in an more 
theoretical than practical. The writer, ін оп the 
principles of vegetable physiology, ‹ concludes that the 
young fruit tree should not be entirely cut back at the 
time it is ота but that shasta ess | its branches 
should n tained ; that the removal of the young 
кн» 8 shortened the branches 
taken off, in order to re-establish an 
equili 
I intend givin; 
пой on the- — of the first 
ear trees, 
urseries, are, for the most 
part, out branches lower than 20 inches from the 
ground; or, if 4 have any, they are weak or a 
formed twigs, and n relati 
vigour 
upper 
branches. x 
h of 4 inches; 
р e v t, having bee 
well trained in pm youth, they 2 their natural ten- 
fe 
-followin 
зац L removal of the 1 obtained. The year deney, which is to grow almost vertically, forming an 
befor E gir СГО88 | acute angle with the stem who wish to fo 
. Sections appeared in the radius, but in the | well-s ped t pyramide, or en e (horizon- 
. year of . experiment only 4 А ly trained), with a stock in this way, 
| 1 ear after, to the lowe as are no 
err H longer sufficiently flexible to take the desired directi 
кы 5 : $ for, in a properly-formed pyramid, the branches forming 
End. E the first tier should extend horizontally from the stem. 
Eur c 3-4 А This is doubtless t n why we feel the n ity 
3 ; Wo eue ap of pruning on ano principle. As, in y 
in 0 з, 7-8 remain about 15 months in same 
| — sections “of the individu ib wowiy [itat but pring 
y |attention, a mulehing of litter in spring is always 
2 tally broad during core utes course v beneficial. ‘the mon Ps al 
th ‘age The —.— | etit e proportion months, or t 15 months after he tree, the 
are 
size, and distinguished only by the — 
gr 
ubje ma 
4. Коне ole e (lech April, TAU В par ачен 
g some details on this адаа of planting, 
such as I fo 
m 
eal’ the latter, 
а — growing 
comes grae to 
8 to 
shoots than o thers, but in 
to 3 feet in length, and even 
irection, and are 
* former prunings w pr 
well as the upright phy te to 10 or 
ЖА sth, 
th 
pinch the branches 
о grow too strona, with the view tna 
e grown there are always some which 
this ease the 
made fine healthy vigorous shoots, OR 16 
Ж 
hese branch 
[Ocr. 29, 
| off, in order M - — hon may go i 
um those retained, a 
benefit 
owth of the 
3 
make le 
© majori 
= 
12 inches 
В" Е оз aw aw ш 
ii is A against this system that it involves the 
12 ПОЧ їп length, + wou 
rm its fruit bodi " the base ot 
and might ae its first fruit in 1854, 
k in oed thas. to 10 or 
n the e following 
the branches, 
n the ordinary method the fruit shows 11 
but of what importance can the fruit of the first four 
years be ? our years ong a time to wait when 
we wish to establish a good tree capable of bearing for 
20 or 30 years! ed who is really an amateur will nt 
regard this delay when he can obtain well formed an 
vigorous trees wh —— wil afford him satisfaction, and 
amply remunerate him for time supposed to have 
been 10 
e should not be co 
r of the —.— which I have previously 
ne 
at the — of planti ing. I can support his o 
trees of which I — bus уж 
чу a fact. 
2 
knowledge hav ving Bacon занн results of Ад od | arrived 
