_49—1855.] THE AGRICULTURAL GAZETTE. 779 
of of them, were their position and direction E for whichever party may have occupied an untenable are produced from wn sewage, are counterbalanced 
to omnis the labour and the cost of dra ‚| position. We might approximate more closely but for by the ideas of the cholera and fevers, which the evapo- 
Such examination of the soil and subsoil those unfortunate laws of gravity. As we can neither ration of such foul matters fro 
would a ағ surely be a useful preliminary get rid of them, nor agree in our reading of them, we tend to "tray | if not produce, Tbe application « 
to the work of the drainer. Whether or E agreed to differ. In the meantime we are co- fzcal matte e foliage of ie з ten on the 
cost and time of the me cessary exam na- operating in the hers tie of the internal structure E cattle, о rte am i in 2 
tion shall prove excessive—whether the degree and has, in fact i; been considered to do bo wih to 
certainty which it may give ü& may be етай І believe I 2 say t that 1 үк {һе re. of being. the Edinburgh 1 cows In short, the present of 
insufficient — whether the ihetatites nian vi Mr. Denton в geological adviser, If I thought — во — liquid fa is prejudicial to health, and. ex- 
LI 2 — ^ 2 ou a5 
their direction or their ome may render them tender it to him also, but it would be on the under- any i ore ate other — — ayy & уз back,. 
useless for our purpose sli EU ove too numerous standing that, like the late Sir т" Peel, I do not pre- witnessed the f experi ‘ on at 
—whether, in the practical carrying out of seribe without t а ſee. J. Trim Ьу: де Berkshire, оп а most novel and ingenious: 
the idea which Mr. Trimmer. has started cos that of applying this manure to the subsoil. 
plan 
may exceed returns, we do not venture to ben Land Draindge— As you append а note to my instead of the surface, and to the roots of plants instead. 
but whatever practical difficulties exist, and on — ag p — теит promising а further expla- | of the e leaves, The apparatus consists of tiles somewhat 
these Mr. Denton seems to lay the greatest stress; U — the old-fashioned draining с sole, vs 
“ place erse i bottom tile 
we may safely contend that а knowledge of this КДУ "lecho dott prim i why T code ub b — а — with 
inner surface of the subsoil to which Mr. Tui ss drains, under the circumstances explained by Mr. м) 4 4 
di ^ ый be of Ith y a flat cover perforated with holes, so as to allow 
called attention may often be of use. "t Tri to be o the laws of gravitation, I manure to rise through. І call the tile a covery. 
we know in the case of BERNERS’ estate 1 You, in justice to the саве, to make use of thé but it is not 80, for it only reaches way up the 
Keythorpe; and, though we do not su suppose tat le. remarks in such a vend as to render my views internal of the — one to prevent the 
r. Trimmer would exalt His pu so a clear to your — А, thout going into the eren lignis overflowing the в 
make it the basis of any system of dra бый, уч whether furrows got Ay such regularity of | Тһе tiles are laid at a. foot deep from the the surface, to- 
we believé with him that his facts are worth | position or e sii made the foundation of a prevent any pes to them while йс а and arè 
pee for, and that when discovered, as the 72 ystem" of draiung age (wlith T consider practicable) it placed 3 feet apart, either on a dead level or on a very 
e at Key SON Hey may usefully modify "E would а appear, from Mr. Trimmer Ne , bu slight descent. The seeds are sown n exadily above them; 
pha tine bf the are | iens bc э porous soil alternate bes ua banks ; that if of corn or forage plante, two or three rows may 
——— VVV 
THE KEYTHORPE DRAINAGE. [fati (ш feet, to ube . i — алу Medi sheet A 
ANoTHER draining engineer has honoured me with his slight inclination “there are few or no claybanks and m manure is poured an: ——Ó——— sure, 
notice! I had flattered myself that my paper on the furrows”) ; that Lord Berners has therefore laid 1 his | partly b eapillary attraction of the. oed remi 
Keythorpe drainage was pen mi but as ies par ralle * ag ^ rin! гота est descent” 18 espeeinliy by the attraction and suspensive power which. 
i e r. mer into an oblique the spongi 
ere, and as it c e be on Tc" part of the direction aeross the fall); and tliat thee cross drains are | үүн the kinds of manure dnt may be liquefied or 
engineers; I am “willig — take it to myself, and | аве at the 9 (or mean) АГ 1 che furrows, Now, | the patentee's principle—of a cistern with a perf 
П false E which the mesure гона a be : 
I shall conimence by giving the — t: to your the furrows preg What odie “them 1 If it was еж up оп a plan analogous to that practised by tanners wi l» 
anonymous correspondent “A Dia rt „current of Wita oP the re- elevation of the land above bark—in towns we may take diluted sewage, ox om 
ve to one who wrote iti his ot natme—to look | tlie sen, will not the same element find its way vidt | waste refuse from the houses ; where anim k 
at the paper again, and to read it more attentively. I ground through the poroüs soil by the channels it their manure ly diluted, and £o filtered as to remove 
have по doubt that with an attentive perüsal most of his worked out for itself! My experience tells me that the grosser impurities. Where neither of these are to be 
diffigulties will vanish. He complains of the use of the there is no more difficult matter in practice than to had, solutions of guano or other artificials. Besides 
i 
= 
— 
HE 
kb. 
EE 
ad 
A 
= 
= 
2 
5 
O'S 
EY 
ЕЕ 
EE 
8 
drainin 
to enter into further r explanation any one consider these facts and determine: Ist. If 
| 
| 
| 
l 
| : 
me " and says weed ue ^ it 5 no establish new courses for water : opposition to those it | manuring, this subt thod appears applicable to 
| system in in ing. m system, I un mo to | has found for itself ; and every engineer, who is prac- pe ting th sol. 1 ar it in some degree, and to 
niean one үчүнө At W applied СУ Г all it tse tised i 4 5 duc and drainage Works, Will bear testimony | applying preventives or cures to the diseases of plants. 
| cases, In that sétise, de Keytho my be eges fe .  Intereépting drains across these natural The effects of the mode of ication cau be 
cannot be called a system, "ен unter on- | chan 1985 will no doubt take away a considerable pro- as very — * 
| 
à 7 * E urzel,. Swedes, 
ditions; it combines or selects pid 0 :* ral | portion of the A trickling downwards, and that pro- Cabbages were grown at Wokingham on light inferior 
systems: Its merits are economy and efficiency. It Portion will be increased as the direction of the drains | soil (part of a common) to a very great size, and, what 
attains these ends by means of one great principle ae niore 4 No one bas ever doubted that the is better, of excellent m ; and on a ars — 
а complete and systematic examination of the drains will intereept a certain quantity ; but so long as groun r quali Mee 
soil and subsoil, and of levels, before it commences —— passes the drains intended to intereept it, they | doubly superior to those cultivated near ME 4 
the drainage of each field. It uses — of all depths are neither perfect in system nor economical in cost. | sake of comparison, on the ines 7 
from 14 to 7 att and — heey ces them ots distances, Again: 2d. If the depth of the furrows are are unequal, it be forgotten that this year eri t dee 
according to e of the wie dnd subsoil. Its and the intercepting drains cross some of the ber — эы гү}: experiments, as, from ac tn 
object An to — the subterranean channels which above their bottom and some below, how вв, liquid ‘manure seemed almost 
have described во oſten; and it crosses the line of intercepting principle be economicall applied t will bes manure had an accidental advantage. In dry 
atest descent nif when those — follow 2 -— the ned still find its way by t deeper furrow | Seasons and i n hot € the me of liquid 
der the 
al Society. it as 
cannot discover the АЕ n Бе тар е do а some | 
të send him a cópy on which they are marked. [other eross drain lower down the slope! When these and there is a large demand and high price for its ^" 
Draining Engin eer ” wishes also to be informed | points have been disposed of, we ean enter upon " | ducts ; and for cottage gardens, and allotment pit 
L I is ' 
drains up and down the hill. It is not for me to answer | have known a soil called wi (by common repute) to | being made by 
for that genüeman—I leave that to himself. t -— consist of 75 per е of chalk, апа as Lord Berners’ th f pig o might almost be sufficient 
iseth ean consume Turnips with sheep у the land (I pre- to supply tnl k ra pgs Gig def BUR: ; Ч 
es — гены 1 addressed to you, in whieh ke sume after continued wet weather, or there is nothing and ra rapidity of growth which liquid manure 
that of all the various methods in the fact), I am very much пее to doubt е as- are immense, as is well тфа ез іп 
D a. = on's approaches the sumption. Does anybody expect to feed sheep on the experiments on Rye- sally in 
tat of Ke k fe should not Oxford or London clay after continued wet, without For fruit 88 and especial), 
t had T his minor | poaching it? Iam aware that many persons expect the ‘Vines and өзү: i is well 
cent. nature of clays to alter by draining, and to become jiquid is even now 
ы, ever as peat teeth “useful” as a sandy loam. if are trees, in 
drains óbliquely across the fall of tie КЕЙЫ, and will be deceived in their съ. The nature making holes in the earth 
was done st Keythorpé: То be sure they did, of the soil remains the same, though its айша be | round the tree, and "e 
| m ode of drainin farmers, | altered. 1 do not presume W ‘that Lord reach 
and other “practical meh, who are not dra land is sufficiently dained ай “say is, that if the | strikes casual 
Hip 
i 
are sometimes right an ls be as represented, and the inte rceptive theory has seed to get no benefit, and the plant 
Ke je, and in реш applied successfully, the same po: and attention till it has tta th ; fo 
heard bs 
58 
2 ; ^ ae 
urrows on vitii а saving of money. But again, let me ask, can all | reach of its insect enemies, But to this we 
тре system | landowners afford the time to be carrying оп a series of that the using liquid manure does not 
ver, which чү eee draining ? and how would the tenants of | steeping the seed, or adding a moderate dose 
ich render а large estate like a system which necessitated the or superphosphate. наб, that the manure 
ho drain eae of fresh drains, as experience showed the first soak out of the pipes unless these were glazed 
thé superin- | laid drains to de inefficient ! J. Bailey Denton ed it pled ly I eque citu ard 
— 
— the evil is 
ed capital, draining) NOVEL MODE ore a үк E bog reel e. Ж he third i * to е = 
, . plication ;—that it is more suited 
one point, moreover, which canfiot be #5) Тиё value of liquid manure to the кузету т and | | farms — and to and зона than to 
impresset Jando | — 
ers, and pro. the gardener is too well eee to require further | céreal crops, which it would 
10 0 
* 
against it, on account of its odour. quid manure, as | 
commonly applied, is a nuisance, and the accounts of its vd seem combined, William 
jr dde where enormous crops of Graes аза д near. dosis Mele 29, 
the le of у det N 1 
on the prineiple of uti possidetis. is te 
retain his —1 ес on the subject of draining, unti 
means can be devised to secure an honourable retreat | success, as at 
» 
ected and 
p 
1 "pet they will DA dy. vero 12 English per but that Í copibiderit an 
b 
il 
