JOURNAL 
OF 
The New York Botanical Garden 
Vol. XXIV December, 1923 No. 288 
BOTANICAL OBSERVATIONS IN NORTHERN 
MICHIGAN 
The state of Michigan is characterized by two distinct and 
important types of vegetation, the hardwood, broad-leaved 
forest of the central _ oe central ees Saas and the 
Canada. 
evergreen, nee dle-] 
e former is Peetominant in the soutien te of a lower 
that 
penin nsula, where 
of the vicinity of New York City. In the northern part of the 
state the two forest types meet, and here they have for centuries 
waged a war for supremacy. Ecologists aver that the ey 
has slowly but surely turned in favor of the beech, maple, 
oak of the southern forest, which have gradually pushed fe: 
and farther to the north, while the pine, spruce, and fir of the 
northern forest have steadily retreated northward toward 
anada. 
Little evidence of this botanical contest now remains. 
a third and much more eile for rce—man, arme 
tacked. Asa result of nearly halfa century cf lumbering, almost 
none of the original pane forest is left. 
an has pene its Biological Station 
miles south of the Straits of Mackinac. Courses of instruction 
274 
