120 
which is separated by the valley of the Cauca River, is mostly a 
lower chain, but at three portions of its course rises to above 
timber-line. In February, 1918, I was upon the northernmost 
of these areas. The Contnere Oriental, separated by the valley 
of the Magdalena ge ofthe three. Its southern, 
heref tion d i imber-line, but nor 
wardarelarge hreaeor paramo (as land above timber-line, is Lae 
and on afewpeakssomesnow. This rangefalls northward into the 
Upar from the wholly isolated snow mountains of Santa Marta, 
but before so falling it sends to the eastward a spur which rises 
again to snow peaks in the Sierra de Merida of Venezuela. Two 
crossings were made of the Cordillera Oriental, in July opposite 
, we saw first—far away eastward and requiring Dr. Rusby’s 
was lowland; then to the east the nearer highlands of Ocaifia, 
there southward; then last of all, but soon rising the highest, 
to the west these peaks of Quindio, and from these southwar 
the uae majestic chain of the Cordillera Central. 
O ore we took the river-boat, but this time only for the 
short oe from Beltran to Girardot. Above the plain of 
: h i ‘ 
outhw o Neiva. 
oie was common, also an Echinocactus. Several tall Ceret 
e with m 
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but three days, then on July 21 took this last line a few hours 
journal to Espinal. 
