31 
rainfall is heavy and the atmosphere charged with humidity, it 
is almost impossible to transplant them to a location where the 
air is dry, and expect satisfactory results, and the case holds 
vice versa. This is especially marked in the cultivation about 
New York of the conifers which find their home west of the 
ascade Mountains in our northwest country, an area of heavy 
precipitation. The hot dry summers here are a severe tax upon 
them, resulting in dwarfing, or to such a reduction in 1 MIBOF as 
Other things being equal, an average lower temperature than 
that to which a plant is accustomed may be a controlling factor 
between perfect hardiness and the necessity for partial pro- 
tection. In many cases, if the variation is not too extreme, this 
may e compensated < by placing a given plant in an especially 
protected situation, where the winds of winter are shut out by 
surrounding trees or other wind-breaks. 
Many plants live in regions where there is a continuous snow- 
blanket which serves as a protection against sudden changes in 
soil temperature. Plants from regions of this kind, although 
the air temperature may be much lower, suffer, when cultivated 
in a milder climate, from this lack of a perpetual snow-blanket, 
the alternate thawing and freezing, with the resultant heaving, 
proving disastrous in many cases. Under such circumstances 
a heavy top-dressing will accomplish much, taking the place in 
part of the heavy snow-blanket to which they are accustomed. 
In the selection of a species of wide geographic range care 
should be taken to ascertain from what particular section your 
plants were derived. Those obtained from a humid warm 
locality within the range of a species might prove entirely un- 
satisfactory, while others secured in a drier and colder section 
would be hardy. This is particularly true of conifers. You 
must look for a hardy strain, secured from that particular region 
which more nearly resembles your own. The Douglas spruce, 
Pseudotsuga mucronata, is an example of this. Plants derived 
from the humid region west of the Cascade Mountains in Was 
ington would stand little chance of living in the one 
