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Just under the bark an egg-gallery often an inch or more in length 
is worked out. The eggs are deposited on each side of this cavity 
and range in number from twenty to forty or fifty to each adult. 
The female usually dies after depositing her eggs and her remains 
can often be found in the old egg-gallery. The larvae, small white 
grubs, hatch in a short time and immediately begin to work their 
way outward between the bark and the wood, each larva making 
a separate burrow, which grows larger as they proceed outward 
f 
ey 
remain in the burrows over winter and emerge in the adult form 
the following June or July, thus completing the life cycle. 
hey are often present in such large numbers that the entire 
bark is almost severed from the tree and the exit holes are so 
numerous that the large branches often appear to have been filled 
ee buckshot 
ork af this insect in the branches or main trunk of the 
tree ee in a partial or entire girdling of the tree according 
to the number of insects present. This results in the dying of 
the part of the tree attacked. The trees are not usually killed 
outright but larger branches are often attacked and killed first, 
the work gradually spreading to the entire tree. 
LocaL OBSERVATION 
n the inspection of the hickories in the Garden it has been 
aes It to find many of the larger and older trees which are not 
thoroughly infested by this insect. Among the large number of 
younger trees ranging from three to five inches in diameter com- 
paratively few appear to have been attacked in their main 
trunks in such a way as to accomplish much damage. In the 
few cases in which young trees have been attacked the insects 
often appear to have died without emerging. In the rare cases 
in which the young trees are attacked the adjacent tree is often 
entirely free from the insect. The reason for this is not evident. 
NaTuRAL ENEMIES 
Among the natural enemies of this insect are birds, satel 
woodpeckers and species of ichneumon-flies. As t t how 
