189 
There was no killing frost during the month, a condition which 
is not exceptional at the New York Botanical Garden for the 
month of October. Records for the past eight years show that 
in only three years of this period has frost occurred earlier than 
October 29, and that in the years 1906 and 1912 there was no 
frost until in November. 
During the month, inquiries have come to the Garden con- 
cerning the autumn pigmentation of leaves, the general impres- 
sion being that the coloration had been less brilliant this season 
because of no early frosts. It would appear, however, from 
casual observations at the Garden that during the past October 
the various species produced leaves as brilliantly colored as 
can be found during any autumn. e full degree of coloration 
and the fall of leaves occurred in many species during the middle 
of the month without the direct influence of freezing tempera- 
tures. This is, however, not stating at oe DEROCICIEY. of eae 
concerned with seasonal changegne in temperature jaduenene 
setae activitie 
utumn a and the leaf-fall of the various species 
seem, ee to extend over a longer period under such condi- 
tions of temperature and rainfall as existed duties ng October. 
The changes ieaaaae ccur more irregularly. An early 
freeze may very well hasten the changes and produce more 
brilliant nes or mass effects both in single caiviaiiale and 
in groups of plants comprising different species. 
Owing to the continued mild weather, the following shrubs 
were in bloom on November 8: Cydonia japonica, ea 
arguta, yates Thunbergti, and the as aie: bells, Forsythia 
Fortunei, F. viridissima, and F. med: 
that these are among the ne cr blossom early in the 
spring, so but little additional stimulus is required to start them 
into blos 
‘A. B. Stout 
