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tween the living collections and the museum collections is a great 
desideratum. e expense of such a system is, however, very 
great, and it requires constant attention, because the death of a 
living plant, which cannot at once be replaced, complicates it. 
' 4. Geographical Distribution. — Groups of plants illustrating 
the botanical features of regions other than those of the locality 
of a botanical garden may be installed, and this feature is given 
more or less prominence in the collections of many gardens. As 
mentioned under biological relationships, the information thus 
furnished is of immediate interest to the public, and in some 
gardens geographical grouping has been adopted as a primary 
classification. Like the biological grouping, it has its limitations, 
and conditions of soil and climate make it necessarily imperfect and 
incomplete. Any attempt at growing trees, shrubs and herbaceous 
plants of a region close together in limited areas, while at first very 
interesting, ultimately fails because of the growth of the trees and 
the consequent shading out of the lower plants, unless the 
trees are cut out and their value in the grouping lost. Climatic 
conditions may be overcome by temporary geographical group- 
ings, and in greenhouses some such groups may be installed 
quite satisfactorily. As to the relative value of the biological 
over the geographical as a primary classification in large public 
gardens, there is room for difference of opinon, An ideal method, 
if space and funds are available, would be to install both systems. 
5. clesthetic and Landscape Features. —The public is more 
immediately interested in landscape effects and in anes from the 
standpoint of beauty than in most other features of botanical 
gardens. Well-built and well-kept grounds appeal to people as 
attractive places to visit. Natural woodlands, thickets and 
meadows also interest visitors, perhaps more keenly the residents 
of cities, and, in some respects, especially from the standpoint of 
ecology, are as useful educationally as the artificial plantations. 
Landscape considerations applicable to parks and private grounds 
are not wholly adaptable to botanical gardens, and this is often 
notably true in the inharmonious floral color contrasts necessi- 
tated by the grouping, although these may be minimized by care- 
ful selections. In most botanical garden planting it is sought to 
