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all over the South, for a number of years, and thus had much 
material ; but the botanical work of the Biltmore Estate was 
stopped in 1904 and the only way to get material was to go 
there and select it. Mr. Beadle very kindly allowed me to 
make this selection. 
Fourth, by a large set of material selected from Mr. Ashe’s 
types. This Mr. Ashe allowed me to do on my first visit to him 
in December, 1907. This visit was very essential, for no one had 
seen his Crataegus herbarium. Before examining this collection 
there were at least seventy-five of his species that I did not know, 
and could not even assign to groups. 
Along with the herbarium construction I started a card cata- 
logue of the Crataegus species of the world. I first used the 
Kew Index Catalogue as a basis, but now my catalogue repre- 
sents the species as I have seen their descriptions in the original 
literature. This was a tremendous task and I have had to visit 
all of the great botanical libraries of the country to accomplish 
it, but the necessity for the work can be seen in the many new 
names added to the Kew list, and the numerous errors corrected. 
This search has also given me a broad knowledge of the best 
literature of Crataegus. I am now expanding this work into a 
general study of Pomaceae and Prunaceae. 
Another task which I set out to accomplish was to bring to- 
gether the work of Beadle, Ashe and Sargent, who had been, in 
a general way, working entirely on independent lines. Beadle 
knew but few of Ashe’s species; Ashe had but little more infor- 
mation in regard to Beadle’s or Sargent’s; while Sargent had 
only about one third of Beadle’s species in his herbarium, and 
had made the statement that nearly one hundred species were 
indeterminable. This situation I have gradually cleared up, but 
still have many problems to settle, principally in regard to Ashe’s 
species. My visit to Ashe’s herbarium showed me, at once, that 
I should have to visit many of his southern type stations, for in 
some cases his material was incomplete, and then, again, I needed 
to see many of his southern species in the field to properly 
understand them. 
My real critical study of the’genus began in 1906, in the prep- 
