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a lime-rock backbone of a single ridge or broken into several 
ridges. It extends nearly the length of the island, or a distance 
of about ninety miles. This backbone ends rather, or quite, 
abruptly with the shore on the eastern side. On the western 
side, however, the undulations, usually several in number, extend 
mostly one or two miles inland and gradually disappear in the 
flat country. Behind this rock ridge, there is a nearly level 
expanse extending to the western side of the island, which varies 
from about eight to forty miles in width. The rock backbone 
is broken south of the middle of the island by three transverse 
channels known as Northern, Middle, and Southern Bights. 
These bights make the four primary divisions of Andros. A 
second category of islands comprises the numerous small cays 
in the bights and on the barrier reef along the eastern shore, 
which varies from one to four miles in width. A third category 
contains those islands formed by the network of water-ways 
resulting from the almost innumerable branches of the eight or 
nine principal creeks which break through the rock ridge on the 
eastern shore and the numerous creeks of the western shore. 
The region made up of this third category of islands is called the 
swash.” The backbone of ends is covered with a hard-wood 
forest called the “‘coppice.” In the swash five distinct plant 
formations are represented, namely, ‘‘coppice,’’ which exists here 
in n isolated a and is not continuous as it is on the rock 
ge, the “scrub,” the ‘“‘pineyard,”’ the “savannah’’ and the 
ma rl.” 
The coppice consists of deciduous-leaved trees and shrubs. 
In it herbaceous vegetation is almost wanting or inconspicuous, 
except for the presence of orchids and bromeliads. The scrub 
consists of a dense growth of deciduous-leaved shrubs with scat- 
tered red cedars and palms. The pineyard occupies the flat, 
slightly elevated expanses of naked rock. Accompanying the 
pine trees are numerous shrubs and some herbs. The savannah 
exists on the higher land between the rock ridge and the marl, 
where soil of good quality covers the rock and makes possible 
a rather copious growth of grasses, sedges and other herbaceous 
vegetation. The marl isa series of vast, level, prairie-like tracts, 
