162 
cially equipped for temperature and humidity control. The right 
conditions are furnished by nature in Normandy. 
The green mould cheeses are more or less completely penetrated 
by Penicillium roqueforti. The best known of all these cheeses 
is Roquefort. This is probably also the most famous of all kinds 
of cheese. In this cheese the mould is carefully inoculated from 
bread cultures which are propagated by the best of laboratory 
methods. The cheese is made so that it contains channels, 
cracks, air-cavities throughout from the first. This permits the 
mould to begin growing as soon as the cheese is made. The 
cheese is much harder than Camembert—about 40 per cent. 
water. It requires a longer time to ripen also. The minimum 
ripening period is probably at least two months, while the time 
actually used is generally much longer. Here as in Camembert 
the proteolytic changes, which are very complete, are attributable 
is only necessary to call attention to the fact that Stilton cheese 
made from cow's milk in England and Gorgonzola made in Italy 
are also ripened largely by the agency of the same species but 
in these cheeses inoculation with the mould is not generally 
practiced. The cheeses are, however, pretty well filled with 
mould in fairly pure culture. It is thus seen’that the Roque- 
fort species is so well adapted to the conditions found within 
such cheese that once in a factory it becomes the dominant 
species within such cheeses without inoculation. 
Many other species may be found accidentally in or upon 
cheese. Penicillium brevicaule is a frequent contamination of 
Camembert. Mucors are often found, but the species discussed 
above are those which have real part in cheese ripening. 
Mr. E. D. Humphreys gave the results of recent determinations 
of Triassic fossil plants. 
The work of arranging and identifying the specimens in the 
various miscellaneous collections of fossil plants in the possession 
of the Garden has revealed several that were of more than ordi- 
nary interest. Among these, was a small one of Triassic plants 
