78 
1. Jardin des Plantes, Paris (1610).—As is well known, the 
Jardin des Plantes is only partially devoted to plants, the botan- 
ical work being, in fact, quite overshadowed by the zodlogical. 
On Sunday afternoons public lectures on botanical subjects are 
given inthe amphitheatre of a special building. These lectures, 
locally called ‘conferences,’ are illustrated by lantern-slides, 
museum specimens and living plants from the conservatories, 
and admission to each course is by ticket. 
okyo, Japan (1638).—This garden, now the garden of the 
Imperial University, was established by Tokugana the Third, 
at Shinogawa, on the southern an of Yedo (modern Tokyo). 
After the revolution of 1868 it was taken over by the Meji 
eae and was again ae le to the Imperial University 
869. At this last transfer its old name, Oyakuyen (‘‘the 
ee plant garden”’), was changed to Igakkoyakuyen (‘‘the 
medical school garden”’). In 1871 i came under the supervision 
of the educational department of the empire, and in 1875 its 
name was again changed to ree botanic garden. In 
1876 it became part of the college of science of the university. 
Instruction is given to university students in botany, entomology 
and pharmacy; while the grounds are open to the general public. 
3. Chelsea, sie (1673).—Chelsea is almost unique among 
the early gardens in the extent to which it organized instruction 
in various ae of pure and applied botany. The garden 
was established by the Society of Apothecaries of London, on 
lines similar to the private gardens of the herbalists, differing 
from them in being supported by a public society. It was the 
first public institution of its kind in London, and is now the oldest. 
As early as 1633 the Society of Apothecaries inaugurated an 
annual ‘‘herbarizing,” which was discontinued after a short 
period; but after the opening of the Chelsea garden these ‘‘her- 
barizings’” were renewed, and soon took the form of a demonstra- 
tion of plants to the members, by the ‘‘demonstrator of plants.” 
In 1829 weekly demonstrations were begun, confined largely to 
the specimens in the materia medica department of the garden, 
followed by a lecture. The successive lectures were planned to 
form a summer course of study in botany. The titles of the 
