80 
but this is thoroughly organized, and very important, for Kew 
is the source of gardeners for most of the colonial gardens. Five 
years of practical experience is required for entrance upon the 
course, which includes lectures in physics, chemistry (as related 
to botany and geology), general botany, economic botany and 
geographical botany. Each student is required to collect a 
herbarium of 250 named and mounted specimens, and, if his work 
is satisfactory, he receives a Kew certificate at the end of two 
years. Kew remained a private possession of the crown until 
1840, when it was made a public garden, with Sir William Hooker 
as the first director. 
5. Edinburgh (1763).—This garden is a part of the University 
of Edinburgh. It has museums, class-rooms and laboratories, 
where most of the instruction in botany in the university is given. 
6. Harvard (1805).—Established and continued primarily to 
further botanical teaching and research in Harvard University. 
7. Buitenzorg, Java (1817).— The ’sLands Plantentuin, at 
Buitenzorg, is the finest botanical garden in the w It has 
well-equipped laboratories for research, a bot: a library of 
over 40,000 volumes, and one large building devoted exclusively 
to laboratories for visiting botanists from other countries. 
Certain European governments send annually a student to 
Buitenzorg, and other countries are represented at irregular inter- 
k is almost entirely researc 
8. Afissouri, St. Louis, Mo. (1859).—These gardens are known 
locally as ‘‘Shaw’s Garden,” in honor of the founder, Henry 
aw. mong the objects named in the enactment that estab- 
lished the garden is the dissemination among men of a knowledge 
of plants ‘by having a collection thereof easily accessible; by 
the establishment of a museum and library in connection there- 
with, and also by the establishment of public lectures and instruc- 
tion upon botany and its allied sciences.” In 1885 the same 
benefactor endowed the Henry Shaw School of Botany, at 
Washington University, St. Louis, and provided for the codpera- 
tion of this school with the botanical garden. The professor in 
the Shaw School of Botany is the director of the garden. In 
addition to serving the needs of the students and staff of the 
