27 
seen no specimens of it from these localities. Some have thought 
that the death of numbers of chestnut trees in the lowlands of 
Georgia and Alabama, as reported some years ago by Mohr and 
Small, was due to this disease, but no field studies have been 
made as yet to determine this point. A visit to Biltmore, N. C., 
however, where dead and dying chestnut trees are exceedingly 
abundant, failed to discover a trace of the fungus ; death appar- 
ently being due to poor soil, forest fires, the chestnut beetle, and 
the disturbance of natural forest conditions in various ways. 
he disease was at first supposed to be confined to our native 
chestnut, but in the autumn of 1906 an affected branch was 
found Hpon one of the Japanese chestnut trees (Castanea crenata) 
affected area and no other infections were noticed on the tree 
during the remainder of that season. During the spring and 
summer of 1907, also, the tree appeared healthy and it was 
thought that the disease had been effectually eradicated by 
timely pruning; but a closer examination last autumn revealed a 
large diseased area near the base of the trunk, and the tree will 
doubtless succumb soon after the next season opens. 
This discovery is especially timely because of the fact that the 
Japanese chestnut has been under observation elsewhere in the 
vicinity of affected native trees and has been considered immune, 
so that it has been mentioned as a desirable substitute for the 
native tree in some of our parks. 
Two specimens of chinquapin (Castanea pumila) recently ex- 
amined in the Garden fruticetum have also been found to be 
suffering from the disease for the past two or three years. It 
was reported several months ago that the cultivated chinqua- 
pins on Long Island were badly affected, but I have seen no 
specimens. 
It is now certain that the chestnut disease attacks all species 
of Castanea, both native and cultivated, that occur in this region, 
namely, ane dentata, the common native chestnut, Cas- 
tanea crenata, t apanese chestnut, and Castanea pumila, the 
cninquapin, Aina native from New Jersey to Florida. 
