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making of poles for the beans, and trellises for the morning-glory 
vines and nasturtiums in the schoolroom window-boxes ; shrubs, 
and their value for hedge or flowers or fruits or winter-berries for 
the birds; flowers and their value for beautifying the yard or 
gathering for the house. In the third grade it is possible to teach 
the elements of landscape-gardening, and to arouse an interest in 
the subject that I venture to predict will never be lost. The 
coming generation will not leave the monopoly of beautiful 
grounds to the rich or to the comparatively well-to- 
middle-aged professional man whose boyhood was spent on 
a beautiful farm, and one who well understands the principles of 
growing oe said to me plaintively on unas taking posses- 
sion of a new home with ample grounds: ‘I cannot afford to 
have a eee gardener plan these ak for me.’ Besides 
I want to do it myself, for I enjoy that kind of thing; but I do 
not know what shrubs and vines to get, and the more I study 
into the matter, the more confusing the florists’ catalogues be- 
come. If I only knew what the things look like when they are 
growing, I could do it with ease, but I don’t know clematis from 
wistaria. We didn’t have all these things when I wa ry.” 
This then is a new and legitimate demand upon oe. and 
one that nature-study courses should endeavor to meet. 
the third grade, too, a codperative vegetable-garden may 
be planned, plotted on paper (the beginning of maps), planted, 
and in the fall carried to completion in the fourth grade. As 
preliminary to this work, some simple soil experiments are help- 
ful. The insects that are beneficial or injurious in the garden, 
and the friendly toad come naturally into the course during the 
gardening season. 
At the completion of the third grade, the child should be in- 
telligent about the source of such things as enter into his daily 
life in the way of food, clothing and shelter, provided that those 
things can be produced in the vicinity of his home. The grains 
that can be raised, the vegetables, the fruits and nuts both wild 
and cultivated ; butter, cheese, meats; honey and all home-pro- 
duced articles of food; wool for our clothing, leather for our 
shoes ; wood for fuel and oe aa etc 
