180 
park. Its collection of trees and shrubs has always been a 
notable one, and the old house is still in an excellent state of 
eee 
cond American botanic garden in North America was 
also near ” Philadelphia, and was established in 1773 by Humphry 
Marshall, a first cousin of John Bartram and, like him, a Quakef?. 
The old garden has long since passed into a state of decay, but 
the house, built by Marshall with his own hands in 1773, is still 
in an excellent state of preservation. Humphry Marshall has 
the distinction of having written the first botanical work ever pub- 
lished in the United States, an account of our native trees and 
shrubs, printed at Philadelphia in the ee part of the year 1785. 
O e most remarkable of the early American botanists 
was Thomas Walter, a native of Hampshire, England, who went 
to South Carolina when a young man, married there, and settled 
on the banks of the Santee River. How he became interested in 
botany, how he was able to carry on his botanical work in such 
complete isolation from the rest of the scientific world, is quite 
unaccountable. However accomplished, it is an indisputable 
fact that he prepared a clear, succinct, and remarkably complete 
flora of the region about his home, which was published in Lon- 
don by John Fraser in 1788. Fraser was a collector who visited 
the southern states repeatedly, the first time as early as 1785; 
he was a personal friend of Walter's, and took the manuscript 
back with him upon his return from one of his earlier trips. 
Walter died in the same year in which his flora was published, 
less than fifty years of age, and was buried in the garden adjoin- 
ing his home, where he is said to have cultivated many of the 
plants described in his Flora Caroliniana. His herbarium is pre- 
served in the Department of Botany of the British Museum 
ur attention is now claimed by a small group of men who 
played an important part in the development of American botany. 
They were born, and died, in foreign lands, but they spent years 
in the active botanical exploration of the United States as then 
limited, and their labors resulted, in each instance, in the publica- 
tion of a monumental work upon the North American flora. 
André Michaux, a Frenchman, already well known for his 
