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to cover all the ground — who, as a rule, cooperated with him 
in their work. Among the specialists in groups of flowering 
plants were M. S. Bebb, who did notable work with the willows, 
having at his home in Illinois a remarkable salicetum where he 
was able to compare the various species in a living state; George 
Thurber, best known to botanists asa grass student, although 
most of his time was devoted to editorial work in agriculture; 
and George Vasey, also a specialist in the taxonomy of grasses, 
and for years the botanist of the United States Department of 
Agriculture. 
In ferns, the one prominent name was that of Daniel C. Eaton, 
for thirty years professor of botany at Yale ; he was a grandson 
of Amos Eaton, whose wonderful influence upon American botany 
has been tioned. Among moss students, we may refer to 
William S. Sullivant, who was the pioneer in the work upon this 
group of plants in this country, and Thomas P. James, who 
assisted Leo Lesquereux (of whom more later) in the preparation 
of the manual which is even now the only book of its kind for 
the identification of all then known American mosses, In the 
study of the Hepaticae, Coe F. Austin was the pioneer ; his home, 
at Closter, New Jersey, was in a region peculiarly rich in its 
hepatic flora. 
sie the oe in Algae we may mention Dr. Francis 
olle, a Moravian clergyman, who published several books 
aeaine nee ce freshwater forms. Almost the only Ameri- 
can student of lichens, for many years, was Professor Edward 
Tuckerman, of Amherst College. The most prominent mycol- 
ogists of this period were Rev. M. A. Curtis, an Episcopalian 
clergyman, and Henry W. Ravenel, a planter, and since their 
work, as well as ae of that of Schweinitz, was done in the 
southeastern states, the fungi of that region were better known 
forty years ago than those of any other part of the country. 
As an example of the few palaeobotanical students of this 
period we may mention J. S. Newberry, geologist of several 
government exploring oe state geologist of Ohio, and 
for twenty-four years professor in Columbia University. A 
unique position, as one ak was at the same time a botanical 
