198 
Avenue Elevated Railway to Botanical Garden, Bronx Park, 
Visitors coming by the Subway change to the Elevated Railway 
at 149th Street and Third Avenue. 
THE PROTECTION OF SHADE-TREES AGAINST 
FUNGI 
The most conspicuous fungi occurring on shade-trees are those 
that appear as brackets on the trunk and larger branches. These 
brackets are fruit-bodies ; the fungus is within the body of the 
tree, in the form of delicate branching threads which permeate 
the tissue in all directions seeking food. familiar example o 
this group is the artists’ bracket-fungus, a species common on 
oak, maple, ailanthusand other trees, which is grayish or brownish 
above and light-colored beneath, changing to dark brown when 
bruised. It is frequently collected by amateur artists and used 
for etchin 
Another common species is black above, brown beneath, and 
more hoof-shaped in form. It causes heart-rot of oak, maple 
and birch, The sulphur-colored polypore is readily recognized 
by its bright orange cap and yellow under surface. It lives 
within the trunks of oak, ash, and locust, making the heart-wood 
dry, soft and very brittle. The locust bracket-fungus is a hard, 
brownish are common on locust in Virginia and other parts 
f the south, where it has been much used by the colored 
people for lighting pipes and keeping fire over night. This 
fungus may be seen on almost any black locust planted in the 
vicinity of New York City. It and the locust-borer are rapidly 
destroying all the larger specimens of this tree. 
the most destructive fee found in Europe is the hispid 
polypore. The writer found it in abundance on plane-trees at 
Wiesbaden and in Switzerland, a also in London on most kinds 
of shade-trees. Fortunately, it is still rare in America. The 
fruit-body is brown and hairy above and yellow below, changing 
to brown. When treated with ammonia it ces a yellowish- 
brown dye. The scaly polypore is also abundant on various 
shade-trees in Europe and likewise occurs but sparingly in the 
