and 1 8th classes the stamens ar 

 the 19th they are united by thei 

 are adnate to the pistil ; in the 2 



130 



ted by their filaments; in 

 iers, and in the 20th they 

 id 22d the flowers are uni- 

 ire in different flowers, on 

 the same individual in the 21st and on different individuals in the 

 22d ; and the plants of the 23d class have both unisexual and 

 bisexual flowers. The classes were divided into orders. In the 

 first 13 classes the orders were determined by the number of the 

 pistils, in the 14th and I 5th by the fruit ; and in the 1 6th to 1 8th 

 and 20th to 23d by the number and distinctness or union of the 

 stamens. The classification of the 19th class is too complex to 

 enter into here. The 24th class was divided into 4 orders: 

 Filices, Musci, Algae and Fungi. 



This system of classification is purely artificial. Linnaeus 

 himself regarded it only as temporary, and expected that it would 



lationship. The Linnaean system served its purpose, however. 

 It became a means by which it was possible to tabulate every 

 known genus of plants. Before this time there had been no sys- 

 tems at all, or such crude ones as we find even to-day in some 

 popular flower-books, where the plants are classified by the color 

 of their flowers. If the natural systems of DeCandolle, Bentham 

 and Hooker, and Engler and Prantl are too complicated for 

 popular "books, why not go back to the simple system of 

 Linnaeus ? It would at least give a good insight into the struc- 

 ture of the flower instead of the mere color. 



In his " Genera Plantarum " Linnaeus applied this system to 

 ach of them a concise and 



plai 



:riptio 



Clifford had many American plants in his garden, but he sent 

 Linnaeus to England to visit Sir Hans Sloane, Professor Dillenius, 

 and Philip Miller, in order to secure American plants grown by 

 them. Both Sloane and Dillenius treated Linnaeus at first with 

 coolness, because he " confounded " botany. On his farewell 

 visit to Dillenius, Linnaeus politely asked him what he meant by 

 "confounding botany." Dillenius took from the library the 

 first few pages of Linnaeus's own "Genera Plantarum" and 



