160 
made up of Quercus Utahensis in the foot-hills and of Ceanothus 
velutinus on the higher ridges. The pine, spruce and aspen 
woods are mostly confined to the higher mountains, especially 
those at some distance from the valleys, and the cottonwood 
groves to the river banks and the cafions. The foot-hills are dry, 
and their flora is made up principally of plants characteristic of 
the Great Basin. Shrubs belonging to this class, as the different 
kinds of sage-brush and rabbit-brush Seals and Chrysotham- 
nus), were common quite high up. afterwards found that the 
general character of the foot-hills and nes mountains was the 
same in all parts of Utah that I visited, only that farther south 
the place of the oak was often taken by junipers and pifions. 
In order to find typical Rocky Mountain vegetation, 7. ¢., to 
reach what Merriam calls the Canadian Zone, one must go up 
into the mountains, several miles from the open valleys. 
e day in the afternoon we reached Beck’s Hot Springs ; the 
water is strongly charged with sulphur and the soil around the 
springs and the lake below is strongly impregnated by salts and 
alkalies. Here we found a peculiar flora, not to be met with 
eonan in the neighborhood of Great Salt Lake and similar re- 
gions, The characteristic plants here belong mostly to the Cheno- 
ee and are more or less fleshy, as Spirostachys occidentalis, 
Kochia vestita, Sarcobatus vermicularis and species of Dondia and 
Atriplex. On the road-bed of the Denver and Rio Grande Rail- 
road, we found a large white poppy, Axgemone /uspida, in great 
profusion; while along the Oregon Short Line and Salt Lake 
City and Odgen Railroad, only a few rods distant on either side, 
not a single specimen was found. The explanation may be found 
in the fact that the line of the first named road from Salt Lake 
City to Ogden is of a more recent origin and the gravel to make 
up the road-bed across a marsh had evidently been brought in 
from some other locality ; another striking illustration of the dis- 
persion of plants indirectly by the agency of man 
Through some misunderstanding, Professor Carlton did not 
meet me at Salt Lake City, but had proceeded from en 
where he visited the Lewis and Clark Exposition, to San 
cisco. I had intended to continue my journey to that nee inter 
