51 
The collection, so far as Mr. Henry’s plants are concerned, is 
a duplicate of sets presented at various times to Kew; and while 
not so extensive, is of great value, as containing numerous type 
specimens of new species. 
In a short paper like this only a few points of interest have 
been touched upon. For more details concerning Mr. Henry's 
botanical explorations, the reader is referred to an article by him, 
entitled ‘‘ Midst Chinese Forests,” which appeared in the Garden 
of January 4th last. This article touches upon the different 
parts of China and Formosa botanized over, and has references 
to some of the plants contained in the collection now described. 
AAUGUSTINE HENRY. 
Lonpon, February 1, 1902. 
PRODUCTION OF CINCHONA BARK AND QUININE 
N THE EAST INDIES.* 
Among our very early historical writings we find references to 
diseases which can have been only malarial in their nature, and, 
from that time until the present, the conflict with this plebeian 
disease has occupied a large part of the attention of physicians 
and has consumed an important part of the resources of mankind, 
in many and extensive territories. No nation but has had the 
operations of its armies checked or interfered with by encounter- 
ing this adversary; no great industry but has been at times 
partly paralyzed by it; no explorer but has suffered from it; 
scarce a country whose development has not been modified by it 
in some direction, while it has actually rendered many regions 
almost uninhabitable. 
Its nature and ultimate cause remained unknown until very 
recently. Hippocrates attributed it to the use of marshy waters, 
while Galen recognized a marsh poison which contaminated the 
atmosphere, and it was many centuries before we advanced 
farther than to speculate upon some form of one or the other 
of these theories. 
* Abstract of a public lecture given at the New York Botanical Garden, Nov. 9, 
gor. 
