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species, a similar though smaller, axial cell, The comparatively 
large ovoid structures contain spores which result somewhat indi- 
rectly from an act of fertilization. Other individuals of the same 
species produce spores of another kind, wholly non-sexual in 
origin. 
10. A Rep SEAWEED (Ceramium). 
One of the seaweeds or algae common on the Atlantic coast. 
This specimen illustrates well the two-forked mode of branching 
which is much more common among the lower plants than among 
the higher. 
. SPORES (PROPAGATING Bopies) OF THE RosE Rust (Phrag- 
midium subcorticium). 
These are the bodies which form the dark powdery spots often 
seen on the under surface of the leaves of rose bushes. In an 
earlier stage the same parasitic fungus produces orange-yellow 
spores much smaller in size and simpler in structure; a few of 
these, appearing very small, round, and colorless, may be seen 
intermingled with the more numerous dark spores. The smaller 
thin-walled spores serve to propagate the fungus during the 
summer, while the large thick-walled spores are adapted for 
enduring the winter. 
12. A Sapropuytic Funeus (Sporormia herculea). 
A fungus of the order Pyrenomycetes, growing on animal 
refuse. The spore-sacs, which are crushed in this specimen, each 
contain eight spores. The spores consist of from eleven to six- 
teen cells in a chain and are ejected with such force from the sac 
when it bursts that they are thrown some distance. 
13. A Sapropuytic Funcus (Ascobolus). 
One of the saprophytic fungi growing on animal refuse. This 
plant, in the reproductive stage, consists of a cup-shaped body 
bearing on its upper surface numerous pale, elongated sacs, each 
of which contains eight brown, oblong, one-celled spores or prop- 
agating bodies. 
