99 
in the same plane. The terminal twig ever after takes a hori- 
zontal anes so that one never finds a hemlock with a ver- 
tical terminal t 
While the eee of foliage is increasing above ground, the 
root system is being extended beneath surface (F. 19:5). Soon 
may be seen the curious club- ickenings which will be 
treated more fully in the following paper. It is sufficient to state 
now that they are due to the aaa of the hemlock with a 
fungus, forming a mycorhiza. The stem thickens, while as a result 
the epidermis of its young parts is ft off (F. 19: 5). The loss 
of this as a protecting layer is made good by the formation of a 
secondary protecting layer of bark. 
sing our conclusions upon observations made in the hem- 
lock grove early in June, 1900, we may say that last season (1899) 
was a favorable year for seed production. The number of seed- 
lings which may be seen at the present ig enormous. Over large 
spaces they average about fifteen per square foot, and as many as 
No seedlings from seeds produced in 1898 were found and 
year were found; these, therefore, are from seed of 1 
appears then from these data that there has been no extensive 
the conditions year by It is also to bé noted that the 
hemlock seedlings fail ‘i apes re or die soon after, unless 
they are in the proper conditions as to shade and moisture. Th 
thrive best in soil rich in humus, while to other soil factors 
they are comparatively nee Too much sun, however, 
or too much moisture kills them very readily. They are to be 
found therefore on the forest oe and less Seay oe the 
shaded edges of the forest. They do not appear to be a 
compete with grass or other tightly growing herbaceous se 
but prefer a clean floor. They grow very readily on rotting 
woods. This is en noticeable in the forests of the Pacific 
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