167 
Such belief was found yet in Devonshire not many years ago. 
Shakespeare, Browne, Pope and others refer to these circles ; and 
so Drayton, who says of the fairies : 
a pala in their circles, make that round 
meadows and in marshes found, 
of them socalled the Fairy Ground.”’ 
Wheat, Triticum sativum.—tin the ears of the English wheat 
was sana to reside the Kirnbaby, so-called, a corn spirit. 
, Secale cereale.—The fairy of the rye fields of German 
ries is known as the rye-wolf, roggen-wolf, corn-wolf or grass- 
wolf. German peasants still say, when the wind blows the long 
grasses of waving corn, ‘the rye-wolf is abroad.” The last 
sheaf of rye is left as a shelter for the rye-wolf during the winter's 
cold. In sea autumn festivities a rye-wolf is represented per- 
sonated by a 
The Lupines, various species of Lupinus, are Na known as 
the wolf’s bean, from Sweden to Holland ; , the graswolf’s 
ed ? 
ampane, Inula Helenium, a plant of the elves, owes its first 
aie some say to the Danish elle, a fairy 
once called by the English, a and elfdock. 
Broom, Cytisus scoparius——A bundle of this constituted the 
tutelary spirit of the Tshuvashes, towar 4 the Casp: They 
call it their Erich ; they tie it in the middle using ae equal 
branches about four feet long ; each hole has one as its Penates 
hung upina corner; none may touch it; when it dries a new 
one is tied together, ane the old placed in running water with 
great reverence. 
Trollius sh fase called Globe flower from shape, was also 
called “ Trol er” because flower of the Northern Trolls or 
evil genii ; ae so “ Witches’ Gowan”’ in Scotland ; perhaps the 
association is simply due to its acrid poison. 
Other classes of plants associated with the fairies can be but al- 
luded to at present, on account of lack of space. They included 
the flowers associated with zzdividual fairies (as Herb Robert, 
Good King Henry, Herb Paris or Puck’s-berry, the Elder, etc.) ; 
plants associated on account of some conspicuous external feature 
