90 
long subulate tips; rays acute; pappus 2 subulate awns; chaff 
of the receptacle pubescent at the acute apex. Sag Harbor, 
.Y. 
N. L. Britron. 
CARPOTROPIC MOVEMENTS OF FLOWERS. 
e movements of flowers by which these structures adapt 
themselves to changes in temperature and illumination, are fairly 
well known. Familiar illustrations are to be seen in the wild 
cool nights; the pansy performs similar nocturnal movements, 
both plants returning the flowers to an u t position durin 
the dayti In another type of the daily movements the € 
opens or closes at certain periods of t Thus the tulip 
closes on cool nights and reopens during the warmer part o: 
a ssilago, Claytonia (spring uty), purslane and many 
others exhibit si eactions ich the flower is 
n addition to such induced movements which depend upon 
external forces for their inception, a second series is shown, which 
are set up by internal forces, and which depend entirely upon the 
developments) staee of the flower. Such reactions may b 
clas: nder an have for their purpose 
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ments may be best understood by discussion of the following 
The inflorescence of Bulbine longiscapa is a raceme the basal 
in which mature and open earliest: it is possible 
ich w 
is placed, in a single inflorescence. The uno pened buds in the 
upper portion are appressed to the main flower stalk, and as the 
